ABSTRACT This article studies an early-twentieth-century reform in local administration on the Kazakh Steppe. It was catalyzed by the massive in-migration of peasant settlers from European Russia, which required fundamentally new administrative forms and institutional decisions from the state. In 1902 the Russian Empire extended the Temporary Regulation on Peasant Nachalniks, which was previously law only in Siberia, to the steppe oblasts of Akmola, Turgai, Semipalatinsk and Uralsk. In examining discussions surrounding the implementation of the new law, this article uncovers the complexity and ambiguities of the decisions that were made, the problems the new law faced, and the wide array of participants in enacting it. The article also compiles a socio-cultural portrait of the peasant nachalniks and the activities they undertook. Finally, it addresses how the Kazakh population perceived these new officials, and how they interacted with representatives of the Kazakh administration, which was crucial to their effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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“他们没有帮助，只会使士气低落”：1902 年至 1917 年的哈萨克草原上的农民 nachalniks 和俄罗斯帝国最后一次改革

摘要 本文研究了 20 世纪早期哈萨克草原地方行政管理的改革。它受到来自欧洲俄罗斯的农民定居者的大规模移民的催化，这需要国家从根本上采取新的行政形式和制度决定。1902 年，俄罗斯帝国将以前仅适用于西伯利亚的《农民纳哈尔尼克暂行条例》扩大到阿克莫拉、图尔盖、塞米巴拉金斯克和乌拉尔斯克等草原州。在审查围绕新法律实施的讨论时，本文揭示了所做出决定的复杂性和模糊性、新法律面临的问题以及制定该法律的广泛参与者。文章还汇编了农民 nachalniks 及其所从事活动的社会文化画像。最后，