Throughout human history narratives have had crucial function to construct a society with meanings culturally binding its members and to sustain them for generations in society. Epic stories, proverbs, historical tales are such narratives which, in particular, form patterns for the “shared conceptual framework” of members of a culture. Thus narratives, in a broadest sense, circulate within a society through individual memories of its members and serve to communicate and create meanings by operating like language. Films Bread and Roses by Ken Loach (2000) and Maid in Manhattan (2002) by Wayne Wange intersect with their narrative tools indicating how individual and cultural memory overlap and contested globally within international film industry.

中文翻译：

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从票房到记忆：讲故事不是无辜的行为

纵观人类历史，叙事在构建一个具有文化意义的社会并使其成员在社会中世代相传方面发挥着至关重要的作用。史诗般的故事、谚语、历史故事就是这样的叙事，特别是形成了文化成员“共享概念框架”的模式。因此，从最广泛的意义上讲，叙事通过其成员的个人记忆在社会中传播，并通过像语言一样运作来进行交流和创造意义。肯·洛奇 (Ken Loach) 的电影《面包与玫瑰》 (2000) 和韦恩·万格 (Wayne Wange) 的《曼哈顿女仆》(2002) 与他们的叙事工具相交，表明个人和文化记忆如何在国际电影业中重叠和竞争。