Abstract Crossovers seldom occur in academic research on social tolerance and post-war urban reconstruction. Social scientists often call for a deeper analysis of the impact of spatial context on intergroup tolerance thresholds, but repairing social relations alongside damaged buildings is rarely the focus of post-disaster resilience design. This article bridges these two areas of study by proposing a pioneering regeneration model, that is, a “symbiotic model” for choosing the most socially and environmentally sustainable approach for site-specific post-conflict city regeneration. More precisely, it demonstrates that the concepts of commensalism, mutualism and parasitism, taken from biology, clearly define the spectrum of the relationships between the existing city tissue and new intervention in post-conflict city regeneration. It is argued that this model (re)builds places of social and political tolerance through (1) the meaningful interaction between social groups; (2) sustainable environmental and economic development; and (3) stratification of symbolic readings in the spatial, collective memorialization of conflict.

中文翻译：

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（再）建设宽容空间：战后城市复兴的“共生模式”

摘要 在社会宽容和战后城市重建的学术研究中很少出现交叉。社会科学家经常呼吁对空间环境对群体间容忍阈值的影响进行更深入的分析，但修复受损建筑物旁边的社会关系很少是灾后复原力设计的重点。本文通过提出一种开创性的再生模型，即“共生模型”，为特定地点的冲突后城市再生选择最具社会和环境可持续性的方法，将这两个研究领域联系起来。更准确地说，它表明共生、共生和寄生的概念来自生物学，清楚地定义了现有城市组织与冲突后城市更新的新干预之间的关系范围。有人认为，这种模式通过（1）社会群体之间有意义的互动（1）建立了社会和政治宽容的场所；(2) 可持续的环境和经济发展；(3) 空间、集体冲突记忆中符号阅读的分层。