ABSTRACT An extensive iron production industry flourished in the Bassar region of northern Togo from as early as the Early Iron Age. However, it was during the Later Iron Age that this witnessed a period of rapid growth, with locally produced iron increasingly feeding into regional trade networks. This paper discusses the archaeology, archaeometallurgy and metallography of the earliest iron production in Bassar through the examination of two sites. The first, BAS-252 (Dekpassanware), is a large ironworking village (in operation throughout the Early and Later Iron Ages) with six zones devoted primarily to smithing. The second, the nearby site of BAS-273, was found to be a smaller smelting site and operated in the Early Iron Age. The paper presents a metallographic analysis of the EIA iron artefacts excavated at BAS-252, in conjunction with an archaeometallurgical analysis of EIA smelting remains from BAS-273. The close association of smithing and smelting sites has provided an unparalleled opportunity to consider the chaîne opératoire of iron production in EIA Bassar, with insights into the production of iron alloyed with carbon and phosphorus and the possible symbolic behaviours of past smelters at a time when the foundations were being laid for Bassar to develop subsequently into a regional hub of iron production.

中文翻译：

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多哥的Bassar的早期铁冶金学：熔炉，冶金残留物和铁制品

摘要早在铁器时代就开始在多哥北部的巴萨尔地区兴起了广泛的钢铁生产行业。然而，正是在后期铁器时代，见证了一个快速增长时期，当地生产的铁越来越多地进入区域贸易网络。本文通过考察两个地点，探讨了巴塞尔最早的铁矿的考古学，考古学，金相学。第一个是BAS-252（Dekpassanware），它是一个大型的铁加工村庄（在整个铁器时代的早期和晚期都在使用），有六个主要用于锻造的区域。第二个是BAS-273附近的站点，被发现是一个较小的冶炼站点，并在铁器时代早期运行。本文介绍了在BAS-252挖出的EIA铁制品的金相分析，结合BAS-273的EIA冶炼残余物的考古冶金分析。紧密的铸造和冶炼场所协会为EIA Bassar的铁矿生产提供了无与伦比的机会，可以深入了解与碳和磷合金化的铁矿的生产以及过去冶炼厂可能的象征行为。正在为巴西石油公司奠定基础，以便随后发展成为区域性的钢铁生产中心。