In 1981, Old Right Senator Barry Goldwater delivered “To Be Conservative” opposing tactics of the New Right. The speech, which sparked nationwide approval on editorial pages, articulated a case against intolerance and disrespect for constitutionally grounded democratic processes that are essential to freedom and policy deliberations for common good. Using cluster-agon analysis, this essay shows how Goldwater positioned “Freedom” and “Intolerance” as agonistic terms. He further dissociated conservatism into its “old” or “true” and “new” or “apparent” forms, which corresponded to “Freedom” and “Intolerance,” and summoned “decent people” connected to the New Right to resist extremists’ uncompromising ways. Though fervent, Goldwater refused to vilify his adversaries, focusing instead on decreasing intolerant rhetoric. Goldwater’s advocacy exemplified Ivie’s ideal of democratic dissent and offers lessons for promoting healthy public deliberation.

中文翻译：

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巴里·戈德沃特（Barry Goldwater）1981年对美国公共政策审议中的不宽容批判

1981年，旧右翼参​​议员巴里·戈德沃特（Barry Goldwater）提出反对新右翼策略的“成为保守派”。演讲在编辑部引发了全国范围的认可，阐明了反对不容忍和不尊重宪法基础上的民主进程的理由，这对自由和为共同利益进行政策审议至关重要。本文使用聚类角分析，显示了戈德沃特如何将“自由”和“不容忍”定位为激动术语。他进一步将保守主义分解为“旧的”或“真实的”，“新的”或“明显的”形式，分别对应于“自由”和“不宽容”，并召集了与新权利相关的“体面的人”以抵抗极端分子的不妥协方法。尽管热心，戈德沃特拒绝侮辱他的对手，而是专注于减少不宽容的言论。