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The material and mental effects of animal disappearance on indigenous hunter-gatherers, past and present
Time and Mind ( IF 0.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 , DOI: 10.1080/1751696x.2020.1718309
Eyal Halfon , Ran Barkai 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT For indigenous hunter-gatherers, dependent for their subsistence and well-being on prey animals, animal extinction had significant and multifaceted effects, only some of which are reflected in the archaeological record. Contemporary hunter-gatherers often view animals as equal partners in a shared habitat, where these animals are simultaneously hunted and revered. We posit that this same duality existed among past hunter-gatherer groups. The disappearance of a species that supported human existence for millennia triggered not only technological and social changes but also had profound emotional and psychological effects. We present several selected case studies that reflect the complex dual relationship between indigenous hunter-gatherers and their prey under different environmental conditions. We focus on the material and mental effects of animal population decline over diverse cultures, geographies, and time scales. Our study sheds light on the vital role of specific animal taxa in human biological and cultural evolution. It also deepens our understanding of how indigenous hunter-gatherer societies expressed their awareness of coexistence with other species. In the age of the Sixth Extinction, this study might be more relevant than ever not only for reconstructing the life ways of indigenous hunter-gatherers but for all human and nonhuman species populating the planet.

中文翻译:

动物失踪对过去和现在土著狩猎采集者的物质和精神影响

摘要 对于依赖猎物生存和福祉的土著狩猎采集者而言,动物灭绝具有显着且多方面的影响,考古记录中仅反映了其中的一部分。当代狩猎采集者通常将动物视为共享栖息地中的平等伙伴,在那里这些动物同时受到猎杀和崇敬。我们假设过去的狩猎采集群体中也存在同样的二元性。几千年来支持人类生存的物种的消失不仅引发了技术和社会变革,而且还产生了深远的情感和心理影响。我们展示了几个选定的案例研究,它们反映了不同环境条件下土著狩猎采集者与其猎物之间复杂的双重关系。我们关注不同文化、地理和时间尺度上动物种群减少的物质和精神影响。我们的研究阐明了特定动物分类群在人类生物和文化进化中的重要作用。它还加深了我们对土著狩猎采集社会如何表达他们与其他物种共存的认识的理解。在第六次大灭绝的时代,这项研究可能比以往任何时候都更重要,不仅对于重建土著狩猎采集者的生活方式,而且对于居住在地球上的所有人类和非人类物种而言,都可能比以往任何时候都更加重要。它还加深了我们对土著狩猎采集社会如何表达他们与其他物种共存的认识的理解。在第六次大灭绝的时代,这项研究可能比以往任何时候都更重要,不仅对于重建土著狩猎采集者的生活方式,而且对于居住在地球上的所有人类和非人类物种而言,都可能比以往任何时候都更加重要。它还加深了我们对土著狩猎采集社会如何表达他们与其他物种共存的认识的理解。在第六次大灭绝的时代,这项研究可能比以往任何时候都更重要,不仅对于重建土著狩猎采集者的生活方式,而且对于居住在地球上的所有人类和非人类物种而言,都可能比以往任何时候都更加重要。
更新日期:2020-01-02
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