ABSTRACT Recent studies in southern African rock art demonstrate that we cannot take for granted that human figures holding guns in painted images are in fact depictions of Europeans. The acquisition of firearms by various ‘Bushmen’ groups in the Eastern Cape Province as well as their history of painting, makes it more than likely that in many cases the artists were really depicting themselves, not colonists. Yet one cannot claim that these artists viewed firearms in the same manner as the Europeans who initially introduced them. This is based on the well-attested practice that in colonial contexts the colonised often repurposed the material culture of the colonisers, thereby giving it new meaning in the process. As firearms became adopted by ‘Bushmen’ and entangled within their world view it is likely they were awarded spiritual attributes, making them worthy of inclusion in their sacred art.

中文翻译：

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枪支本土化——南非东开普省枪支的岩画描绘

摘要 最近对南部非洲岩画的研究表明，我们不能理所当然地认为绘画中的手持枪支的人物实际上是对欧洲人的描绘。东开普省的各种“布须曼人”团体获得枪支以及他们的绘画历史，使得在许多情况下，艺术家更有可能真正描绘自己，而不是殖民者。然而，不能声称这些艺术家与最初介绍枪支的欧洲人以相同的方式看待枪支。这是基于公认的实践，在殖民环境中，被殖民者经常重新利用殖民者的物质文化，从而在这个过程中赋予它新的意义。随着枪支被“布须曼人”采用并融入他们的世界观，他们很可能被授予精神属性，