This article seeks to explain the impact of the international shipping crisis of the 1970s on the Spanish shipbuilding industry (then the third biggest in Europe after Sweden and Germany) and the responses to the crisis given by the state and by shipyards. It contributes to the literature on the decline of merchant shipbuilding in Europe since the 1970s. Based on international production statistics, annual reports of companies and business associations, policy plans and documents and specialist journals, this paper employs an agency perspective and the theoretical framework of historical institutionalism to examine the interests and actions of the main actors involved – shipyards and ship owners, labour unions, the public entrepreneurial sector (INI) and the different governments – and the outcomes of those actions on public policies and on the development of this industry.

中文翻译：

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延迟调整：西班牙造船业的经济危机、政治变革和国家干预，大约 1975-1990

本文旨在解释 1970 年代国际航运危机对西班牙造船业（当时是仅次于瑞典和德国的欧洲第三大造船业）的影响以及国家和造船厂对危机的反应。它为自 1970 年代以来欧洲商船建造衰落的文献做出了贡献。基于国际生产统计数据、公司和商业协会的年度报告、政策计划和文件以及专业期刊，本文采用代理视角和历史制度主义的理论框架来考察所涉及的主要参与者——船厂和船舶的利益和行动。业主、工会、