ABSTRACT

In Morocco, the implementation of the ‘Assisted Voluntary Return and Reintegration’ programmes (AVRR) run by the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) counts on the widespread collaboration of governmental and humanitarian migration practitioners and of migrants themselves. How come that actors occupying such heterogeneous positions in the migration field ultimately agree on their daily participation to IOM’s AVRR programmes? What power rationales structure this collaborative network on return? The article draws on documentary sources and fieldwork conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Morocco. It adopts a socio-historical perspective that denaturalises the institutionalisation of AVRR programmes and combines the relevant empirical data with a theoretical discussion on collaboration in the deportation field. It argues that the institutionalisation of AVRR programmes in Morocco results from power rationales of intermediation and collaboration amongst different actors – both at an institutional level and on the ground. This gives rise to non-homogenous and sometimes seemingly contradictory forms of appropriation of voluntary return by third actors within the migration field.

摘要

在摩洛哥，由国际移民组织 (IOM) 运营的“协助自愿返回和重返社会”计划 (AVRR) 的实施依赖于政府和人道主义移民从业人员以及移民本身的广泛合作。为什么在移民领域占据如此不同职位的参与者最终同意他们每天参与 IOM 的 AVRR 计划？什么样的权力原理构成了这个协作网络的回报？本文借鉴了 2016 年至 2018 年在摩洛哥进行的文献资料和实地调查。它采用社会历史视角，使 AVRR 计划的制度化非自然化，并将相关的经验数据与关于驱逐领域合作的理论讨论相结合。它认为，摩洛哥 AVRR 计划的制度化源于不同参与者之间的中介和合作的权力原理——无论是在机构层面还是在实地。这导致了移民领域内第三者自愿返回的非同质且有时看似矛盾的挪用形式。