In The World Beyond Your Head: On Becoming an Individual in an Age of Distraction, Matthew Crawford examines the concept of attention as embodied in moral philosophy, political philosophy and psychology, a concept which has a special pertinence to the history of craft. In comparison to Shop Class as Soul Craft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work, which dealt with with the deskilling of manual work, this book consists of reflections on attention and alienation in cultural history. Drawing on behavioral economics, cognitive sciences, neuroeconomics, and psychology, issues concerning manual competence are generalized to become issues concerning autonomy, individuality, self-determination, situatedness, and subjectification. Crawford attempts to re-draft concepts of impaired subject–object relationships regarded as caused by a state of crisis in the modern attention span. For Crawford, this crisis is not only triggered by technological development, but is a problem of political economy in general. His investigation rests on the research question—is the concept of “attention” still relevant for the self-conception of today’s craftmakers? Characterizations of craft and craftsmanship, Crawford suggests, are nothing but auxiliary constructions for explaining the fact that certain skilled practices, as diverse as, for example, cooks, ice hockey players, motor cyclists, jazz musicians, glass blowers, and organ builders, establish a form of

中文翻译：

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超越你头脑的世界：在分心时代成为一个人

在《超越你的头脑的世界：在分心时代成为个体》一书中，马修·克劳福德考察了道德哲学、政治哲学和心理学中所体现的注意力概念，这一概念与手工艺的历史有着特殊的相关性。与Shop Class as Soul Craft: An Inquiry into the Value of Work, 处理手工劳动的非技能化相比，这本书包含了对文化历史中注意力和异化的反思。借鉴行为经济学、认知科学、神经经济学和心理学，有关手动能力的问题被概括为有关自主、个性、自决、情境和主体化的问题。克劳福德试图重新起草被认为是由现代注意力跨度中的危机状态引起的受损主客体关系的概念。对于克劳福德来说，这场危机不仅是由技术发展引发的，而且是一个普遍的政治经济问题。他的调查基于研究问题——“注意力”的概念是否仍然与当今手工艺者的自我概念相关？克劳福德认为，工艺和工艺的特征只不过是解释以下事实的辅助结构，即某些技能实践，例如厨师、冰球运动员、摩托车手、爵士乐手、玻璃吹制工和风琴制造商，建立了一种形式 但总的来说是一个政治经济学问题。他的调查基于研究问题——“注意力”的概念是否仍然与当今手工艺者的自我概念相关？克劳福德认为，工艺和工艺的特征只不过是解释以下事实的辅助结构，即某些技能实践，例如厨师、冰球运动员、摩托车手、爵士乐手、玻璃吹制工和风琴制造商，建立了一种形式 但总的来说是一个政治经济学问题。他的调查基于研究问题——“注意力”的概念是否仍然与当今手工艺者的自我概念相关？克劳福德认为，工艺和工艺的特征只不过是解释以下事实的辅助结构，即某些技能实践，例如厨师、冰球运动员、摩托车手、爵士乐手、玻璃吹制工和风琴制造商，建立了一种形式