Abstract Legal pluralism concerns the often complex interactions between various legal orders. This includes the various domains of state law, human rights and tribal customary and religious laws. In recent decades, international developers have attempted to impart universalism within socially, culturally and legally diverse contexts such as decentralized locations that practice local and indigenous modes of justice. International donors in Afghanistan have attempted to spread the rule of law and basic human rights from judicial reform and the 2004 constitution into the countryside, whilst referring to Islamic family and criminal law. The Afghan government and state legalisms are largely centralized within a mountainous country. Most citizens, spread across 34 provinces, rely on the judgements of trusted elders, or even the Taliban in southern regions, in community-based dispute resolutions. Using interviews conducted with Afghan judicial and rule of law experts, this article assesses the management of legal pluralism in Afghanistan. It is argued that, with varying results, legal pluralism has been managed by “project law” to promote “better world visions” and donors’ notions of (social) justice to introduce western laws and human rights to local customary settings. This is followed by concluding remarks and some recommendations. When implementing projects, international developers could work towards incorporating all actors and their legal institutions, including local mediators. Improving case tracking at the provincial and district levels is needed to promote consistency and improve observance of basic human rights standards. Furthermore, continuing to raise awareness of women’s rights in rural areas with the use of local organizations and civil society could impart human rights locally. This can be achieved by training ulema, mullahs and other local justice authorities of basic human rights in highly funded community development councils and other national solidarity programme projects.

中文翻译：

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权力下放的阿富汗的法律多元化和人权管理

摘要 法律多元化涉及各种法律秩序之间通常复杂的相互作用。这包括州法、人权和部落习惯法和宗教法的各个领域。近几十年来，国际开发商试图在社会、文化和法律多样化的背景下传播普世主义，例如实行地方和土著正义模式的分散地点。阿富汗的国际捐助者试图将法治和基本人权从司法改革和 2004 年宪法传播到农村，同时提到伊斯兰家庭和刑法。阿富汗政府和国家法制在很大程度上集中在一个山区国家。分布在 34 个省的大多数公民依赖可信赖的长辈的判断，甚至南部地区的塔利班，在基于社区的争端解决中。通过对阿富汗司法和法治专家的采访，本文评估了阿富汗法律多元化的管理。有人认为，法律多元化已经通过“项目法”管理以促进“更美好的世界愿景”和捐助者的（社会）正义观念，以将西方法律和人权引入当地习惯环境，结果各不相同。随后是结束语和一些建议。在实施项目时，国际开发商可以努力整合所有参与者及其法律机构，包括当地调解员。需要在省和区两级改进案件跟踪，以促进一致性并改善对基本人权标准的遵守。此外，继续利用当地组织和民间社会提高农村地区妇女权利的意识，可以在当地传播人权。这可以通过在资金充足的社区发展委员会和其他国家团结计划项目中培训乌里玛、毛拉和其他地方司法当局的基本人权来实现。