Abstract Many students return to graduate programs as experts in their prior fields. “Returners,” as they are commonly termed, have undergraduate degrees and have worked five or more years before returning for a graduate degree. While there is a significant body of literature on graduate students in general, there is less research on students returning to graduate studies after accumulating career experience, particularly those entering a professional school such as business, engineering, or education. What we know is that starting back at the novice stage can be difficult and, in some circumstances, result in students not completing. It is prudent to keep this pipeline of returners completing their degrees in these professional fields; therefore, we overlay the concept of novice versus expert with the adult learning principle of acknowledging prior learning and experience to inform professional school pedagogy and practice.

中文翻译：

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新手与专家：挑战专业教育

摘要 许多学生作为其先前领域的专家重返研究生课程。“回国人员”，正如他们通常所说的那样，拥有本科学位，并且在返回研究生学位之前已经工作了五年或更长时间。虽然总体上有大量关于研究生的文献，但关于在积累职业经验后重返研究生学习的学生的研究较少，特别是那些进入商业、工程或教育等专业学校的学生。我们所知道的是，从新手阶段开始可能很困难，并且在某些情况下，会导致学生无法完成。保持这些返回者在这些专业领域完成学位是明智的；所以，