ABSTRACT In the wake of the Haitian Revolution (1791–1804), tens of thousands of people – white colonists, free people of color, and slaves – left the French colony of Saint-Domingue for neighboring Caribbean colonies and North America. Scattered and diverse as they were, these refugees maintained diasporic bonds, constituting a community with distinct social, cultural, linguistic, and religious traits. Fraternalism, and Masonic lodges in particular, played a pivotal role in shaping these connections. Based on new empirical evidence from the major centers of the refugee community (the US, Louisiana, Cuba, Jamaica), this paper examines the emergence of these refugee lodges. Placing them in their social contexts and analyzing their membership practices, it argues that Freemasonry provided an important social infrastructure for a segment of the refugee population – an infrastructure that was used to cultivate diasporic connections, to (re)enhance internal hierarchies, and to build networks in the host societies.

中文翻译：

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流亡中的兄弟：共济会旅馆和海地革命的难民，1790到1820年

摘要在海地革命（1791-1804年）之后，成千上万的人-白色殖民者，有色人种和奴隶-离开了法国圣多明格殖民地，移向了邻近的加勒比海殖民地和北美。这些难民虽然分散而多样，但仍然保持着流散的联系，构成了一个具有独特的社会，文化，语言和宗教特征的社区。兄弟情谊，特别是共济会的寄宿，在塑造这些联系方面起着关键作用。基于来自难民社区主要中心（美国，路易斯安那州，古巴，牙买加）的新经验证据，本文研究了这些难民小屋的出现。将他们置于自己的社交环境中，并分析其会员行为，