ABSTRACT

Merchant and planter James Murray’s experience as Scottish immigrant and North Carolina colonist argues for a reconsideration of Atlantic World experiences. James Murray’s vantage point shows that the Atlantic World was not monolithic and that transatlantic connections could not be taken for granted. Murray, and countless others who shared his experience of being separated by the Atlantic, lived in what might be termed “ulterior Atlantic Worlds.” Ulterior Atlantic places remained ulterior to, or beyond, much of the Atlantic World, primarily because of the geography of the Atlantic littoral, which interfered with their movement and communication over distance. Ulterior Atlantic perspectives do not deny the obvious existence of developing and important Atlantic World connections, but they refine understandings of the larger Atlantic World. James Murray and others shaped their own ulterior Atlantic Worlds in response to constraints on their transatlantic connections.

摘要

商人和种植者詹姆斯·默里（James Murray）作为苏格兰移民和北卡罗来纳州殖民者的经历为重新考虑大西洋世界的经历提供了理由。詹姆斯·默里（James Murray）的观点表明，大西洋世界并不是一成不变的，跨大西洋的联系也不能被认为是理所当然的。默里（Murray）和其他无数人分享了他被大西洋分开的经历，他们生活在所谓的“荒唐的大西洋世界”中。大西洋沿岸的地方在大西洋世界的大部分地区或之后仍然落后，主要是因为大西洋沿岸的地理环境干扰了他们的远距离运动和交流。大西洋的前途观点并未否认明显存在着发展中的重要大西洋世界，但它们完善了对更大大西洋世界的理解。