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The Riddle of Metaphors by Sylvia Plath
The Explicator Pub Date : 2019-01-02 , DOI: 10.1080/00144940.2018.1551774
David Mulry 1
Affiliation  

“Metaphors” by Sylvia Plath is sometimes characterized as a kind of safe space in an otherwise tumultuous and often dark expanse of words and works. Helen Vendler writing in The New York Times describes the poem (with the exception of its final line) “pure silliness.” The observation seems uncharacteristic for a poet known for raw, sharp, and uncompromising edges of language and imagery in fiction and poetry. Of course there are moments of softened gaze at times, like the poem “Morning Song,” where a “cow-heavy” mother dotingly observes of her baby: “Love set you going like a fat gold watch” (156–7), but even this kind of admiring gaze is undercut in another pregnancy poem, “Heavy Women,” where the mother is described more cynically as “beautifully smug” (158). “Metaphors,” treating the same theme, seems different, and for all its ostensible simplicity, perhaps more challenging. It puts the reader on notice in the first line with the bold claim, “I am a riddle in nine syllables” (116). If we assume the answer to the poem’s riddle is simply “pregnancy” (nine syllables, nine lines, nine letters in the title), we fall into the error of assuming that Plath is pretending “to be physical and uncomplicated,” but surely there is more to the poem (Vendler). When we unpack the meticulous word play and cleverly layered meanings in “Metaphors,” the answer to Plath’s riddle is revealed as more nuanced and more interesting. For the purposes of this discussion, this will be illustrated by examining a single line in the context of the poem: “I’m a means, a stage, a cow in calf.” The line is broken into three ostensibly simple metaphors, and if we subscribe to Karen Alkalay-Gut’s claim that Plath’s poem plays out the stages of pregnancy in sequence, we might be tempted to see into the tripartite structure an echo of the trimesters of pregnancy. The metaphors offer fascinating doorways into theme and meaning in the poem through which the reader is invited to journey in pursuit of the “riddle” promised in the first line. Like the other elements of the line, the word stage here at first seems to offer something of a flat surface, but on closer inquiry it is evidently pregnant with nuanced meaning. Is the narrator simply a stage in the development of a person? Is she a stage (-coach) in the process of a journey (“I’ve boarded a train, there’s no

中文翻译:

西尔维娅·普拉斯的隐喻之谜

西尔维娅·普拉斯 (Sylvia Plath) 的“隐喻”有时被描述为一种在其他喧嚣且通常是黑暗的文字和作品中的安全空间。海伦·文德勒在《纽约时报》上写道,这首诗(最后一行除外)“纯粹是愚蠢的”。对于一位以小说和诗歌中语言和意象的原始、锐利和不妥协边缘而闻名的诗人来说,这种观察似乎是不寻常的。当然,有时也会有眼神柔和的时刻,比如《晨歌》中,一位“母牛重”的母亲溺爱地观察她的孩子:“爱让你像一块肥沃的金表”(156-7),但即使是这种钦佩的目光在另一首怀孕诗“重妇”中也被削弱了,在那里,母亲被更愤世嫉俗地描述为“美丽的自鸣得意”(158)。处理相同主题的“隐喻”似乎不同,尽管它表面上很简单,但也许更具挑战性。它在第一行以大胆的声明让读者引起注意,“我是九个音节的谜语”(116)。如果我们假设这首诗谜语的答案只是“怀孕”(标题中的九个音节、九行、九个字母),我们就会错误地认为普拉斯在假装“身体健康且不复杂”,但肯定有更多的是诗(Vendler)。当我们解开《隐喻》中细致入微的文字游戏和巧妙分层的含义时,普拉斯谜语的答案就会变得更加微妙和有趣。出于本次讨论的目的,这将通过在诗的上下文中检查一行来说明:“我是一种手段,一个舞台,一头小牛犊。” 这条线被分成三个表面上简单的比喻,如果我们同意 Karen Alkalay-Gut 的说法,即普拉斯的诗按顺序播放怀孕的各个阶段,我们可能会很想在三方结构中看到怀孕三个月的回声。这些隐喻为诗中的主题和意义提供了迷人的入口,邀请读者通过它来追寻第一行中承诺的“谜语”。与该行的其他元素一样,这里的 stage 一词起初似乎提供了某种平坦的表面,但仔细研究后,它显然具有微妙的含义。叙述者只是一个人发展的一个阶段吗?她是旅途中的一个舞台(-coach)吗(“我已经登上了火车,没有 我们可能很想在三方结构中看到怀孕三个月的回声。这些隐喻为诗中的主题和意义提供了迷人的入口,邀请读者通过它来追寻第一行中承诺的“谜语”。与该行的其他元素一样,这里的 stage 一词起初似乎提供了某种平坦的表面,但仔细研究后,它显然具有微妙的含义。叙述者只是一个人发展的一个阶段吗?她是旅途中的一个舞台(-coach)吗(“我已经登上了火车,没有 我们可能很想在三方结构中看到怀孕三个月的回声。这些隐喻为诗中的主题和意义提供了迷人的入口,邀请读者通过它来追寻第一行中承诺的“谜语”。与该行的其他元素一样,这里的 stage 一词起初似乎提供了某种平坦的表面,但仔细研究后,它显然具有微妙的含义。叙述者只是一个人发展的一个阶段吗?她是旅途中的一个舞台(-coach)吗(“我已经登上了火车,没有 这里的stage这个词乍一看似乎提供了某种平面,但仔细研究后,它显然蕴含着微妙的含义。叙述者只是一个人发展的一个阶段吗?她是旅途中的一个舞台(-coach)吗(“我已经登上了火车,没有 这里的stage这个词乍一看似乎提供了某种平面,但仔细研究后,它显然蕴含着微妙的含义。叙述者只是一个人发展的一个阶段吗?她是旅途中的一个舞台(-coach)吗(“我已经登上了火车,没有
更新日期:2019-01-02
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