Abstract When early modern individuals commissioned portraits, they likely hoped for stable and long-lasting commemoration. However, portraiture was highly mutable, susceptible of acquiring meanings that diverged from its original patrons’ intentions. Later owners often had portraits repainted, transforming them into religious images that combined individual likeness with markers of sanctity. Examination of artworks from Spain and colonial New Spain reveals that the fluid, tenuous boundary between sacred and secular imagery in early modernity facilitated such operations. In each case studied, the practice produced new art objects that, while sometimes only minimally retouched, were entirely different in function from their earlier iterations.

中文翻译：

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转换肖像：现代西班牙早期世界中的绘画重塑

摘要早期现代人委托肖像创作时，他们可能希望获得稳定而持久的纪念。但是，肖像画具有很高的可变性，很容易获得与其原始顾客意图不同的含义。后来的主人经常对肖像进行重新粉刷，将它们转变成宗教图像，将个人肖像与圣洁性相结合。对西班牙和新西班牙殖民地艺术品的考察表明，现代早期神圣图像与世俗图像之间的流动性，脆弱性边界促进了此类操作。在所研究的每种情况下，实践都产生​​了新的艺术品，尽管有时仅对其进行了最小程度的修饰，但它们的功能与其早期迭代完全不同。