Abstract The essay explores hitherto neglected aspects of Herder’s reception and appropriation of Spinoza. Focusing on the philosophical dialogue Gott, einige Gespräche (1787;1800), three decisive issues in Herder’s Spinoza interpretation are given special consideration: (1) the relation between the world of finite beings (natura naturata) and infinite, absolute Substance (natura naturans); (2) the ontological status and epistemological function of the individual not merely as a ‘modification’ of God/Nature, but as an assemblage of self-conscious reflective powers (Kräfte); and (3) the possibility of scientia intuitiva or the ‘third’ level of knowledge in Spinoza, not simply in logic, metaphysics and mathematics, but also in the realm of the human sciences and in empirical natural science. In particular, the feminine figure of Theano in Gott is read as the key figure of the dialogue through which Herder is able to work through and come to terms with tensions that had become acute in the Pantheismusstreit of 1785–1787.

中文翻译：

---

“一劳永逸”：牧民在上帝中挪用斯宾诺莎，进行一些对话

摘要本文探讨了赫德对斯宾诺莎的接受和挪用的迄今为止被忽略的方面。着眼于哲学对话上帝，一些演讲（1787； 1800）对赫德的斯宾诺莎解释中的三个决定性问题给予了特别考虑：（1）有限存在世界（natura naturata）与无限，绝对实体（natura naturans）之间的关系）; （2）个人的本体论地位和认识论功能不仅是对上帝/自然的“改造”，而且是自觉反射能力（力量）的集合；（3）斯宾诺莎科学思维或“第三”知识水平的可能性，不仅在逻辑，形而上学和数学上，而且还在人文科学和经验自然科学领域。特别是，