Across Eastern Europe, professional archaeologists and metal detectorists testify that some archaeological sites have been emptied of metal objects, despite significant efforts to combat illicit trafficking of cultural objects. Yet there is little empirical evidence in relation to the scale of the problem within countries or its comparative scale between countries in the region. This paper presents open-source analysis of membership of online forums and social networks, as well as other empirical indicators, such as sales and ownership of metal detectors. It identifies and contradicts speculation and propaganda from archaeologists and detectorists, then offers empirical evidence in their place. It suggests the activity of at least 14,910 illicit detectorists in Belarus (around 1 in 638 residents), 54,066 illicit detectorists in Poland (around 1 in 702 residents), 26,377 illicit detectorists in Ukraine (around 1 in 1706 residents) and 75,158 illicit detectorists in Russia (around 1 in 1921 residents). It suggests that, in many of the worst-affected communities, above and beyond the technicalities of permissive, restrictive, or prohibitive regulation, the most important factors in the preservation of archaeological knowledge may be the economy and the rule of law.

中文翻译：

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东欧的“黑人考古学”：白俄罗斯、波兰、俄罗斯和乌克兰的金属探测、非法贩运文物和“法律虚无主义”

在整个东欧，专业考古学家和金属探测器专家证实，尽管为打击非法贩运文物做出了巨大努力，但一些考古遗址已经清空了金属物品。然而，关于国家内部问题的规模或该地区国家之间的比较规模，几乎没有经验证据。本文介绍了对在线论坛和社交网络成员资格的开源分析，以及其他实证指标，例如金属探测器的销售和所有权。它识别并反驳考古学家和探测器的推测和宣传，然后提供经验证据来代替它们。它表明白俄罗斯至少有 14,910 名非法侦探（大约 638 名居民中有 1 名）、54、波兰 066 名非法侦探（约 702 名居民中的 1 名）、乌克兰 26,377 名非法侦探（约 1706 名居民中的 1 名）和俄罗斯 75,158 名非法侦探（约 1921 名居民中的 1 名）。它表明，在许多受影响最严重的社区中，除了许可、限制或禁止监管的技术细节之外，保存考古知识的最重要因素可能是经济和法治。