ABSTRACT This article looks at two essays by John Goodwyn Barmby published in the New Moral World and Howitt’s Journal of Literature and Popular Progress to explore the possibility of a working-class theory of language in England in the 1840s. Positioning these writings in relation to connections between politics, language theory and culture made by middle-class writers in the 1830s, I examine how they extend a tradition of “alternative” politically radical language theory from the turn of the century by invoking and accentuating discourses that became crucial to the study of language in England. I conclude that Barmby’s essays are best understood as instances of working-class labour on language theory in the 1840s, and as such they provide an important critical perspective on the work being done by others to appropriate social, cultural and political discourses to define English language in terms of the emergent paradigm of the New Philology.

中文翻译：

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“活生生的、偶发的、使徒的语言”和“慈善语言学”——探索 1840 年代工人阶级语言理论著作的可能性

摘要 本文着眼于约翰·古德温·巴姆比 (John Goodwyn Barmby) 发表在《新道德世界》和霍伊特的《文学与大众进步杂志》上的两篇文章，以探讨 1840 年代英格兰工人阶级语言理论的可能性。将这些作品定位于 1830 年代中产阶级作家在政治、语言理论和文化之间的联系，我研究了他们如何通过援引和强调话语来扩展世纪之交的“另类”政治激进语言理论的传统这对英国的语言研究至关重要。我得出的结论是，巴姆比的文章最好被理解为 1840 年代工人阶级在语言理论方面的劳动实例，因此，它们为其他人所做的工作提供了重要的批判性视角，以适应社会，