Anniversaries of both World Wars occur at frequent intervals, of the start, the finish, key points in between. These may be valuable ‘hooks’ on which to hang media interest in conflict heritage, but these two books show the result of long-term dedicated research, each of significance in their own ways. World War I archaeology in its many manifestations — including the Home Front — has attracted considerable attention over the last half-decade, assisted by Heritage Lottery Fund community projects and professional review of many categories of standing heritage, landscape and below-ground archaeological assets. This volume provides a complement to that already available from the 2015 Council for British Archaeology volume (The Home Front in Britain 1914–18, edited by W.D. Cocroft, J. Schofield and C. Appleby). The new volume covers much the same ground, but with greater emphasis on army structure and organization, and tends to select more elaborate architecture and monuments as examples. The maritime dimension is greater, but most chapters rarely stray beyond England, although in terms of strategy and operations this was not a factor and is a result of this being a Historic England volume. It is notable, however, how many of the authors are now ex-employees of Historic England, and one cannot help but see this volume as indicative of the kind of expertise that has been to some extent lost through reorganization. It is a well-produced volume with excellent illustrations, including colour plans and elevations to enable the reader to understand site organization and function easily. This book will have significant value to those not yet expert in this field, especially as it has detailed referencing which will allow readers to track back to more specialist studies and original sources. The World War II study provides a distinctive perspective, both methodological and geographical, on the defence of Britain. By taking an interdisciplinary landscape approach to one particular stretch of coastline — between Lowestoft and Harwich — the high chronological as well as geographical resolution of the data creates a particularly rich, contextualised case study. The volume, amply illustrated with colour maps and photographs, reveals an initial phase of rapid defence in the face of what was viewed as imminent invasion. The layout of defences and the diversity of strategies employed reveal local reactions within a common defensive vocabulary. However, once invasion did not come, the middle levels of command could assess the quality and likely effectiveness of the defences and, in the many aspects found wanting, arranged for different arrangements and strategies. Thus, even within the few years of the conflict where invasion was contemplated — from 1939 until 1942 — the authors have identified several phases of defensive works, as well as the subsequent training camps and sites of manoeuvres for forces then to be sent overseas. Preparations of offense took over from those for defence; the tide had turned. Original dispositions can often be identified in cartographic and other documentary sources, and their visual appearance indicated from contemporary photographs. Nevertheless, the archaeological dimension of recording remains in situ and in their detailed topographic context has proved invaluable in understanding how and why the structures were erected where they were, even if some of the logic was later considered flawed. Provision was made both in the tidal zone and further inland to slow down or prevent further progress of any invading forces, should they land. The book provides an important indicator of the value of landscape archaeology in understanding wartime defence, and also the effects of recent land management on heritage survival, with nature reserves providing the greatest cultural protection. The chapter with a collection of oral testimony and the integration of the lived experience is valuable, but is perhaps not well integrated with the earlier chapters. This is the challenge of combining different forms of agency from the individual actors up to platoon, division and higher-level decisionmaking forces. Perhaps they cannot — or should not — be combined, but they stand as separate narratives that may at times be dissonant, inconsistent and partial. At present we are better able to create convincing explanations at the higher levels; the personal reveals the diversity of experience that together created the grand(er) narratives which are the real strength of the book.

中文翻译：

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第一次世界大战的遗产。全面战争大厦1914-18；一个非常危险的地方。第二次世界大战中萨福克桑德斯的风景

两次世界大战的周年纪念频繁发生，包括开始，结束和之间的关键点。这些也许是使媒体对冲突遗产产生兴趣的宝贵“钩子”，但是这两本书显示了长期专注研究的结果，每种研究都有其自身的意义。第一次世界大战考古学以其多种表现形式-包括“家园战线”在内，在过去的十年中得到了相当多的关注，这得益于遗产彩票基金会的社区项目以及对许多种类的传统遗产，景观和地下考古资产的专业审查。该书卷是对2015年英国考古学理事会卷（英国《本国战线》（1914–18），由WD Cocroft，J。Schofield和C. Appleby编辑）已提供的补充。新书涵盖了几乎相同的领域，但更着重于军队的结构和组织，并且倾向于选择更精致的建筑和纪念碑作为示例。海上方面的影响更大，但是大多数章节很少偏离英格兰，尽管从战略和运营角度来看，这并不是一个因素，而是因为这是具有历史意义的英格兰卷。然而，值得注意的是，现在有多少作家是英国历史悠久的前雇员，一个人不禁将这一卷视为在某种程度上由于重组而失去的专业知识的指标。这是一本精心制作的作品，带有出色的插图，包括色彩平面图和立面图，使读者能够轻松理解站点的组织和功能。这本书对那些还不是该领域的专家来说将具有重要的价值，尤其是因为它有详尽的参考资料，使读者可以追溯到更多的专业研究和原始资料。第二次世界大战的研究为英国的防御提供了独特的方法论和地理学观点。通过跨学科的景观方法，对洛斯托夫特（Lowestoft）和哈里奇（Harwich）之间的一段特定海岸线，数据的高时间顺序和地理分辨率创建了一个特别丰富的，有具体背景的案例研究。该卷用彩色图和照片作了充分说明，揭示了面对被视为即将到来的入侵时快速防御的初始阶段。防御措施的布局和所采用策略的多样性揭示了常见防御词汇中的局部反应。但是，一旦没有入侵，中级指挥部就可以评估防御的质量和可能的有效性，并在发现不足的许多方面为不同的安排和战略进行安排。因此，即使在考虑到入侵的冲突的几年内（从1939年到1942年），作者们也确定了防御工作的几个阶段，以及随后的训练营和演习地点，然后将其派往国外。犯罪准备工作已由辩护工作接管；潮流已经转变。通常可以从制图和其他文献资料中识别出原始配置，并从当代照片中看出其视觉外观。尽管如此，记录的考古学维度仍然保留在原地，并且在详细的地形环境中，这对于了解如何以及为什么将结构竖立在原处具有十分重要的价值，即使某些逻辑后来被认为是有缺陷的。在潮汐区和内陆都提供了减缓或阻止任何入侵部队进驻的进一步进展的措施。这本书提供了景观考古学在理解战时防御方面的价值的重要指标，以及最近土地管理对遗产生存的影响，其中自然保护区提供了最大的文化保护。本章包含口头证词和生活经验的整合是很有价值的，但可能与前面的章节没有很好的整合。这是将不同形式的代理机构结合起来的挑战，从个体行为者到排，师和更高级别的决策力量。也许它们不能（或不应该）结合在一起，但它们是分开的叙述，有时可能是不和谐，不一致和局部的。目前，我们可以更好地在更高层次上创建令人信服的解释。个人揭示了经验的多样性，共同创造了宏大的叙事，这是本书的真正优势。目前，我们可以更好地在更高层次上创建令人信服的解释。个人揭示了经验的多样性，共同创造了宏大的叙事，这是本书的真正优势。目前，我们能够更好地在更高层次上创建令人信服的解释；个人揭示了经验的多样性，共同创造了宏大的叙事，这是本书的真正优势。