SUMMARY: In the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, corresponding to the southern and western parts of present-day Latvia, an iron industry based on blast-furnace technology, mainly using local bog iron ore, existed in the 17th and 18th centuries. Transfer of knowledge and skill through the recruitment of specialists from other countries of Europe was crucial to the development of this industry; technology was also re-exported to Russia and elsewhere. Recent archaeological and archaeometallurgical investigations supplement the written evidence, highlighting the specific local conditions that influenced the development of ferrous metalworking here in the early modern period.

中文翻译：

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在库兰（Courland）冶炼铁已去：早期现代工业发展中的技术转让

摘要：在库尔兰公国和塞米加利亚公国，与当今拉脱维亚的南部和西部相对应，在17世纪和18世纪存在着一种基于高炉技术的钢铁行业，主要使用当地的沼泽铁矿石。通过从欧洲其他国家征聘专家来转移知识和技能，对这一行业的发展至关重要。技术也被重新出口到俄罗斯和其他地方。最近的考古和考古冶金研究补充了书面证据，强调了影响早期现代黑色金属加工发展的特定当地条件。