ABSTRACT There is growing evidence that partisan media could be contributing to the increasing polarization among the public in the United States. Scholars have recently debated whether both liberal and conservative media are contributing to polarization symmetrically or if conservative media is the primary source of polarization. We offer tests of reinforcing spiral models from a national sample of US citizens’ use of liberal and conservative media sources and political beliefs about three issues (immigration, law enforcement, and gun control) during the 2016 Presidential Election. Our results find evidence of similar effects for use of liberal and conservative media on political beliefs. By contrast, holding conservative political beliefs does more to contribute to a conservative media echo chamber compared to liberal beliefs contributing to a liberal media echo chamber.

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党派媒体效应的不对称？：用政治信仰考察保守和自由媒体的强化过程

摘要 越来越多的证据表明，党派媒体可能导致美国公众日益分化。最近，学者们争论自由媒体和保守媒体是否都在对称地促成两极分化，或者保守媒体是否是两极分化的主要来源。我们根据美国公民在 2016 年总统大选期间使用自由派和保守派媒体资源以及有关三个问题（移民、执法和枪支管制）的政治信仰的全国样本，提供了增强螺旋模型的测试。我们的研究结果发现，自由派和保守派媒体对政治信仰的使用有类似影响的证据。相比之下，