I explore a conjecture of Richard Moran’s, according to which beliefs an audience forms on the basis of believing someone who tells them something are not based, in turn, on evidence. My aim is to probe Moran’s understanding of the distinction between evidential and non-evidential reasons, and his conception of the reasons that speakers offer, and that audiences take up. I begin by sketching an account of testimonial reasons that fits a general understanding of Moran’s conjecture (§2), and then raise some questions about how, and why, Moran’s more specific proposals differ from the sketch (§3). My hope is to gain clarity about the precise contours of his more specific proposals.

我探讨了理查德·莫兰（Richard Moran）的一个猜想，根据该猜想，听众基于相信某人告诉他们的事情并非基于证据而形成的信念。我的目的是探究Moran对证据性和非证据性原因之间区别的理解，以及他对演讲者提供的原因和听众所接受的原因的理解。首先，我将概述适合Moran猜想（§2）的证明性理由，然后提出一些关于Moran的更具体建议与草图有何不同之处以及为什么的区别（§3）的问题。我的希望是弄清他更具体的建议的确切轮廓。