ABSTRACT Two distinct archaeological phenomena appeared between the middle of the second century BCE and the middle of the first century: the Hasmonean folded wheel-made lamp and the standing pit burial cave. Following an examination of their dating, distribution, and social significance we suggest that this material culture was characteristic of the Jews in Judaea during this time and that it reflects the creation of an ethnic identity. The fact that the Hasmonean folded wheel-made lamp and the standing pit burial cave were typical of Jews in Judea indicates that they were ethnic features of Jewish society. By these means the Jews emphasized their dissimilarity from the rest of the population. The archaic appearance of the lamps and the burial caves, which replicates the cultural characteristics of the Kingdom of Judah during the monarchic/first Temple period, indicates that Jewish society in the Hasmonean period sought to legitimize its existence through the use of its former culture and memory.

中文翻译：

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哈斯摩尼时期的折叠轮式油灯、立坑墓穴与犹太民族认同

摘要 公元前 2 世纪中叶至 1 世纪中叶，出现了两种截然不同的考古现象：哈斯摩尼折叠轮制灯和立坑墓穴。在检查它们的年代、分布和社会意义之后，我们认为这种物质文化是当时犹太地区犹太人的特征，它反映了民族认同的形成。哈斯摩尼式折叠轮灯和立坑墓穴是犹太地区犹太人的典型特征，表明它们是犹太社会的民族特征。通过这些方式，犹太人强调了他们与其他人口的不同之处。灯和墓穴的古老外观，