Abstract Landlordism is still considered an expression of power and superiority in Pakistan like many other countries in the world. This paper is aimed at: (1) to explain the very basic concept of land ownership; both in religious and social context, (2) to sketch historical pattern of land acquisition and its exploitation for exerting social control and political pressure and keeping the masses’ economic down to earth. The history of Indo-Pak demonstrates the gap between original Islamic landownership principles and actual historical practice, firstly by the first Muslims of India, then by the British and most recently by contemporary Pakistan. Conversely, post independence of Pakistan, after going through various waves of military–landlords–politico–bureaucratic rule, oligarchy has reached to such a state that even the current political administration draws its chief share from landlords. The study suggests that for economic development and uplift of the pro-poor farming community, overcoming social and political injustice and getting rid of the clutches of landlordism is the dire need of the time and society.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦土地所有权和土地贵族制历史发展研究

摘要地主主义与世界上许多其他国家一样，仍然被认为是巴基斯坦权力和优势的体现。本文旨在：（1）解释土地所有权的基本概念；（2）在宗教和社会背景下，勾勒出征地及其利用的历史模式，以发挥社会控制和政治压力，并使群众的经济脚踏实地。印巴的历史表明了最初的伊斯兰土地所有权原则与实际历史做法之间的差距，首先是印度的第一批穆斯林，然后是英国的，最后是当代的巴基斯坦。相反，巴基斯坦独立后，经历了一系列的军事，地主，政治，官僚统治之后，寡头政治已经达到了这样的状态，即使是目前的政治行政部门也从房东手中夺走了主要份额。研究表明，为了经济发展和扶贫农业社区的振兴，克服社会和政治不公，摆脱地主的束缚是时间和社会的迫切需求。