ABSTRACT Effective access to mandatory non-wage benefits is key to workers achieving decent working conditions. This paper investigates the effects of union presence on workers’ access to non-wage benefits in the Ghanaian labor market. The study draws its data from the 2012–2013 Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 6) and specifies a multivariate model that simultaneously controls for endogeneity and potential sample-selection biases. We find that unions have a significant effect on facilitation among workers by improving awareness of and access to work benefits. Other factors that affect benefit entitlements in Ghana include the gender of a worker, urbanization, firm size, sector formality, public v.s. private sector jobs, type of occupation, and the presence of work contracts amongst others. Results presented here indicate that workers from formal-sector firms with union presence are more likely to have access to non-wage benefits. It is also found that despite the statutory nature of these non-wage benefits, non-compliance was common, predominantly in the informal sector but also in the formal sector. This is particularly the case with respect to maternity leave benefits and indicates a need for greater enforcement of these laws.

中文翻译：

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加纳劳动力市场中的工会“促进作用”和获得非工资福利的机会

摘要有效获得强制性非工资福利是工人获得体面劳动条件的关键。本文研究了工会存在对加纳劳动力市场中工人获得非工资福利的影响。该研究从2012-2013年加纳生活水平调查（GLSS 6）中提取数据，并指定了同时控制内生性和潜在样本选择偏差的多元模型。我们发现，工会通过提高人们对工作福利的认识和获取途径，对促进工人的便利化具有重大影响。影响加纳福利待遇的其他因素包括工人的性别，城市化程度，公司规模，部门正式性，公共与私营部门的工作，职业类型以及是否存在工作合同。此处显示的结果表明，有工会存在的正规部门企业的工人更有可能获得非工资福利。还发现，尽管这些非工资福利具有法定性质，但不遵守情事很普遍，主要发生在非正规部门，也存在于正规部门。产假津贴的情况尤其如此，这表明需要加强执行这些法律。