Kunglig makt och samiska bosättingsmønster. Studier kring Väinö Tanners vinterbyteori (Royal Power and Sámi Settlement Patterns. Studies concerning Väinö Tanner’s Winter Camp Theory) is a multi-disciplinary historical-archaeological book written by Swedish archaeologist Thomas Wallerström, with contributions from palynologists Ulf Sägerström and Eva-Marie Nordström (chapters 3 and 4). The book is organised in four sections: the Introductory Section (Chapter 1); the Winter Camp Problem (Chapters 2–5); Royal Power in Swedish Lapland (Chapters 6 and 7); and Concluding Reflections (Chapter 8) (as translated to English in the Summary p. 313–322). According to Wallerström, the book focuses on the geographical area of ‘northern Scandinavia’ although ‘northern Fennoscandia with a focus on present-day northern Sweden’ would be more correct. The main objective of the book is a ‘critical investigation into the validity of the “Winter Camp Theory” formulated by the Finnish scholar Väinö Tanner’ (p. 5). The book is a result of a research project led by the author, where the Winter Camp Theory was central to the project’s main hypothesis and research questions. The project’s results seemed to contradict the basic premises of the theory and Wallerström thus positions himself as an apostate to the Winter Camp Theory in the introduction. Wallerström considers the effects of the implementations of royal supremacy (‘the state’) in the north during the early modern period as an alternative and more promising path of inquiry (Chapter 1). The Winter Camp Theory is ascribed to Väinö Tanner and his synthesis of eastern Sámi societies (‘Skolt Laps’) in his cultural-geographical studies of the Petsamo district (Tanner 1929). Tanner’s theory is presented in the Introduction, and scrutinised in detail in Chapter 2. According to Tanner, the winter camp was essential to the eastern Sámi. While otherwise extensively dispersed in base camps in the siidas’ geographical area during the spring, summer and autumn seasons, all households belonging to the siida gathered in nucleated settlements during the four winter months, from late December to late March/early April. The eastern Sámi winter camp was the arena where the norraz, an assembly of family elders with a formal leader, decided legal matters and siida policies. The settlement pattern and societal organisation of the eastern Sámi in the 1920s were considered to be the last, decaying relict of an ancient pan-Sámi way of life. Tanner claimed that his synthesis gave insight into Sámi societies untarnished by influence of the modern national states. He also claimed that similar societies had existed in all parts of Sápmi. Wallerström’s investigation was carried out as a review of the Winter Camp Theory’s genealogy, its subsequent history of impact on the scientific study of Sámi (pre-) history, as well as being an assessment of the theory’s overall validity (Section 1 and 2). Sections 3 and 4 are devoted to Wallerström’s own case study where the Winter Camp Theory is more or less declared invalid. Tanner’s Winter Camp Theory was, in part, formulated in dialogue with ideas presented by the Swedish lappologist K.B. Wiklund in 1922 (p. 53). The Finnish historian and ethnologist, Helmer Tegengren published his seminal work on the ‘extinct’ Kemi Lappmark siidas in present day Finland in 1952. His historical reconstruction implicitly relied on Tanner’s Winter Camp model, although he hardly found references to Tanner necessary (p. 65). Wallerström’s description of the theory’s genealogy focuses on these three pivotal stages, Wiklunds sketchy

中文翻译：

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Kunglig makt och samiska bosättingsmønster。Studier kring Väinö Tanners vinterbyteori

Kunglig makt och samiska bosättingsmønster。Studier kring Väinö Tanners vinterbyteori（皇家权力和萨米人定居模式。关于 Väinö Tanner 的冬令营理论的研究）是一本多学科历史考古书籍，由瑞典考古学家 Thomas Wallerström 撰写，孢粉学家 Ulf Sägerström 和 Eva-Marie Nordström（ 3 和 4）。本书分为四个部分：介绍部分（第 1 章）；冬令营问题（第 2-5 章）；瑞典拉普兰的王权（第 6 章和第 7 章）；和总结性思考（第 8 章）（在摘要第 313-322 页翻译成英文）。根据 Wallerström 的说法，这本书侧重于“斯堪的纳维亚北部”的地理区域，尽管“北部 Fennoscandia，重点是今天的瑞典北部”更为正确。这本书的主要目标是“对芬兰学者 Väinö Tanner 提出的“冬令营理论”的有效性进行批判性调查（第 5 页）。这本书是作者领导的一个研究项目的成果，其中冬令营理论是该项目主要假设和研究问题的核心。该项目的结果似乎与该理论的基本前提相矛盾，因此 Wallerström 在引言中将自己定位为冬令营理论的背道者。Wallerström 将近代早期在北方实施王室至上（“国家”）的影响视为另一种更有希望的探究途径（第 1 章）。冬令营理论归功于维诺·坦纳 (Väinö Tanner) 和他在对佩察莫地区的文化地理研究 (Tanner 1929) 中对东部萨米社会 (“Skolt Laps”) 的综合。Tanner 的理论在引言中介绍，并在第 2 章中进行了详细审查。根据 Tanner 的说法，冬令营对东部萨米人来说是必不可少的。虽然在春季、夏季和秋季期间广泛分散在 siidas 地理区域的大本营中，但在 12 月下旬至 3 月下旬/4 月初的四个冬季期间，所有属于 siida 的家庭都聚集在有核聚居地。东部萨米冬令营是诺拉兹家族长老会和正式领导人决定法律事务和西达政策的场所。1920 年代东部萨米人的定居模式和社会组织被认为是古代泛萨米人生活方式的最后一个腐朽遗迹。坦纳声称，他的综合使人们深入了解了未受现代民族国家影响的萨米社会。他还声称在萨普米的所有地方都存在类似的社会。Wallerström 的调查是为了回顾冬令营理论的谱系、其对萨米（前）历史科学研究的后续影响历史，以及对该理论整体有效性的评估（第 1 和第 2 节）。第 3 节和第 4 节专门讨论 Wallerström 自己的案例研究，其中冬令营理论或多或少被宣布无效。坦纳的冬令营理论部分是 与瑞典拉普学家 KB Wiklund 于 1922 年提出的想法对话而形成（第 53 页）。芬兰历史学家和民族学家 Helmer Tegengren 于 1952 年发表了他关于“已灭绝”的 Kemi Lappmark siidas 的开创性著作。他的历史重建隐含地依赖于坦纳的冬令营模型，尽管他几乎没有发现提及坦纳的必要性（第 65 页） ）。Wallerström 对理论谱系的描述集中在这三个关键阶段，Wiklunds 粗略