Placing my earlier arguments about the marginality of Japanese anthropology in the world in both historical and comparative perspectives, this article examines the influence of two important recent developments on the status of Japanese and, more broadly, East Asian scholarship – the impact of neoliberalism on, and the spread of audit culture within, higher education. Special attention is paid to the increasing importance attached to world university rankings in status-conscious East Asian countries, in which researchers are being urged to publish in internationally recognized English-language journals. These changes have, on the one hand, prompted Japanese and other East Asian scholars to achieve higher goals, thus helping raise their relative status in the wider world, while forcing them, on the other hand, to thoroughly reconsider the traditional structure of knowledge in their national or regional community. The current situation of East Asian scholarship therefore presents both opportunities and crises. How to meet this challenge is the central question addressed in this article.

中文翻译：

---

日本人类学、新自由主义知识结构和审计文化的兴起：来自学术世界体系的教训

将我之前关于日本人类学在世界上的边缘性的论点放在历史和比较的角度，本文考察了最近两个重要的发展对日本和更广泛的东亚学术地位的影响——新自由主义对，以及审计文化在高等教育中的传播。特别关注世界大学排名在重视地位的东亚国家越来越重要，其中研究人员被敦促在国际公认的英语期刊上发表文章。这些变化一方面促使日本和其他东亚学者实现更高的目标，从而有助于提升他们在更广阔的世界中的相对地位，另一方面也迫使他们：彻底重新考虑其国家或地区社区的传统知识结构。因此，东亚学术的现状既是机遇也是危机。如何应对这一挑战是本文讨论的核心问题。