ABSTRACT Globalization and internationalization forces have placed Vietnam higher education (VHE) under the pressure of change. Reforming VHE has therefore become imperative for institutions at this crossroad of change forces. However, reform efforts have been ad-hoc, fragmented and unstable. Reform outcomes have remained fairly limited and fall under scrutiny. Drawing on a case study of the Advanced Program, we argue that importing the curriculum from a Western country without thoughtful consideration of the local culture, history and dynamics would result in low cost efficiency and cost ineffectiveness, leading further to a huge waste of resources. We emphasize the importance of an inward-looking approach to higher education reforms because it brings the centuries-long Vietnamese cultural values into play. At the same time, policy borrowing must be accompanied with a culturally responsive curriculum and pedagogy, and it recognizes the role of Vietnamese teaching and learning culture. This inward-looking approach is complementary to an outward perspective, allowing for a comprehensive and solid understanding of the globalization forces and the global power structure within which VHE system is located.

中文翻译：

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向内看还是向外看？全球化高速公路上的越南高等教育：文化，价值观和变化

摘要全球化和国际化力量使越南高等教育（VHE）处于变革压力之下。因此，在这种变革力量的十字路口，改革VHE对于机构而言已成为当务之急。但是，改革工作是临时性的，零散的和不稳定的。改革成果仍然相当有限，受到审查。我们以“高级计划”的案例研究为依据，认为从西方国家导入课程表而未考虑当地文化，历史和动态的情况会导致成本效率低下和成本无效，进一步导致大量资源浪费。我们强调采用内向型方法进行高等教育改革的重要性，因为它使越南百年的文化价值观得以发挥。同时，政策借阅必须伴随着对文化敏感的课程和教学法，并认识到越南教学文化的作用。这种向内看的方法是对向外看的补充，可以对VHE系统所在的全球化力量和全球力量结构有一个全面而扎实的理解。