ABSTRACT Timber represents one of the first construction materials of mankind, thanks to its excellent mechanical, physical, as well as technological, characteristics. However, in addition to the other timber properties, a high deformability must be included. This is strictly conditioned by the intensity, direction and duration of the stressing load and by the constraints stiffness degree and arrangement. A behavior which was taken in account since the earliest constructions in recorded history, by introducing different bracing methods aimed at the structural stiffening. The advancement of science and a consequently deeper knowledge on timber rheological behavior, and in general on structural mechanics, implied the carrying out of ever more effective solutions for the deformability mitigation, regarding both vertical structures (i.e. timber frames) and roof carpentry. The wooden frames, throughout history, did not emphasize a high variability with regard to devices for limiting the in-plane deformability. Conversely, roof carpentry was characterized by an extreme richness of variants, in particular, in the buildings of northern and central Europe. Furthermore, studies concerned with the truss theory development, namely graphical tools and numerical formulations applied to the structure sizing and safety evaluations, are reported in this article.

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减少木结构变形性的标准和技术的历史概述

摘要 木材因其卓越的机械、物理和技术特性而成为人类最早的建筑材料之一。然而，除了木材的其他特性外，还必须包括高变形能力。这受到应力载荷的强度、方向和持续时间以及约束刚度程度和布置的严格限制。自有记录以来最早的建筑以来就考虑到的一种行为，通过引入旨在加强结构的不同支撑方法。科学的进步以及对木材流变行为的深入了解，以及一般的结构力学知识，意味着对两个垂直结构（即 木框架）和屋顶木工。纵观历史，木制框架并没有强调限制平面变形能力的装置的高度可变性。相反，屋顶木工的特点是种类极其丰富，尤其是在北欧和中欧的建筑中。此外，本文还报告了有关桁架理论发展的研究，即应用于结构尺寸和安全评估的图形工具和数值公式。