ABSTRACT In Britain, the use of concrete as a construction material is relatively recent. The first recorded concrete bridge in Britain was built in 1867, but because it used lime concrete it did not survive and was replaced by a Portland-cement concrete bridge in 1873. It was not until 1880 that the first mass-concrete railway bridge in Scotland was constructed. By the end of the nineteenth century mass concrete for bridges was being replaced by reinforced concrete. This paper discusses the issues surrounding the early concrete bridges in Scotland that were constructed up to 1950. This was the period when concrete developed from an innovative but poorly understood material to what might be recognised as modern concrete with research-based design codes. Within Scotland approximately forty-eight percent of all concrete bridges built up to 1950 are listed buildings, with many more being of genuine historic interest and part of our heritage. These early bridges are now of an age where concrete deterioration is becoming more of a concern and unless appropriate, conservation-based action is taken, their survivability as part of the built heritage may be compromised.

中文翻译：

---

苏格兰早期的混凝土桥梁：处于危险之中的遗产？

摘要在英国，混凝土作为建筑材料的使用相对较新。英国第一座有记载的混凝土桥建于 1867 年，但由于使用的是石灰混凝土，因此没能幸存下来，并于 1873 年被波特兰水泥混凝土桥所取代。 直到 1880 年，苏格兰的第一座大体积混凝土铁路桥才出现被建造。到 19 世纪末，用于桥梁的大体积混凝土已被钢筋混凝土所取代。本文讨论了围绕苏格兰建造至 1950 年的早期混凝土桥梁的问题。在那个时期，混凝土从一种创新但知之甚少的材料发展为可能被认为是具有基于研究的设计规范的现代混凝土。在苏格兰，直到 1950 年建造的所有混凝土桥梁中，大约 48% 是受保护的建筑物，还有更多具有真正的历史意义和我们遗产的一部分。这些早期的桥梁现在正处于一个混凝土老化变得越来越令人担忧的时代，除非采取适当的保护措施，否则它们作为建筑遗产的一部分的生存能力可能会受到影响。