ABSTRACT The prevailing philosophies and world view of nineteenth-century Europe, the Arts and Crafts Movement, the writings of William Morris and John Ruskin, amongst others, came to define a conservation movement that shaped conservation practices in years to come. These philosophies, influenced by romanticism and rationalism also underpin what became known as modern conservation in the twentieth century and are embedded in numerous international charters and conventions, including the World Heritage Convention. In the twenty-first century heritage conservation has become a truly global concern, as heritage is commercialised like never before and threatened like never before. This article questions whether the established theories of conservation are still relevant to an expanding remit and changing demands of building conservation in the global context of the twenty-first century. It argues that established conservation principles and the tools that support them are woefully ill-equipped to respond to rapidly shifting attitudes globally and the management structures that have emerged out of neo-liberal outlooks.

中文翻译：

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二十一世纪的保护理论：缓慢进化还是范式转变？

摘要 19 世纪欧洲盛行的哲学和世界观、工艺美术运动、威廉·莫里斯和约翰·拉斯金的著作等，开始定义保护运动，该运动在未来几年塑造了保护实践。这些受浪漫主义和理性主义影响的哲学也支撑着 20 世纪被称为现代保护的东西，并嵌入了许多国际宪章和公约，包括《世界遗产公约》。在 21 世纪，遗产保护已经成为一个真正的全球关注的问题，因为遗产以前所未有的方式商业化并受到前所未有的威胁。本文质疑既定的保护理论是否仍然与 21 世纪全球背景下不断扩大的建筑保护范围和不断变化的需求相关。它认为，既定的保护原则和支持它们的工具严重不足，无法应对全球迅速转变的态度以及从新自由主义观点中出现的管理结构。