Online publics offer new spaces for actors to counteract hegemonic narratives within mainstream publics. At the same time, they can also offer spaces for anti-pluralist movements to delegitimise their political opponents—which threatens the agonistic respect modern democracies are dependent on. This paper aims to show whether counter-publics on Facebook do in fact foster or threaten such respect. To do so, the posts of 1465 public Facebook pages and groups debating refugee policy in Germany were downloaded and analysed. Using network analysis, I identified the largest eight communities of pro- and contra-refugee pages. Using discourse analysis, I found that, on the contra-refugee side, agonistic respect for opposing positions was sparse, even in moderate pages, while on the pro-refugee side, agonistic respect is shown more often within more moderate and activist pages. I discuss possible causes for this divergence and argue how further research could enhance these findings.

中文翻译：

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Facebook上哪些在线反公众正在培养对种族的尊重？对反公开辩论德国难民政策的评估

在线公众为演员提供了新的空间，以抵消主流公众中的霸权主义叙事。同时，它们还可以为反多元主义运动提供空间，以使他们的政治对手合法化，这威胁了现代民主国家所依赖的激烈竞争。本文旨在表明，Facebook上的反公众实际上是否在促进或威胁这种尊重。为此，下载并分析了1465个公开的Facebook页面以及讨论德国难民政策的团体的帖子。通过网络分析，我确定了难民前后页面的最大八个社区。通过语篇分析，我发现，在反对难民方面，即使在中等的页面中，对对方立场的激动性尊重也很少，而在亲难民方面，在较温和和激进的页面中更经常地显示出激动的尊重。我讨论了造成这种分歧的可能原因，并指出了进一步的研究如何可以增强这些发现。