ABSTRACT This paper explores the multifaceted construction of the Tsugaru region by its literary community in order to illuminate a fantastic theory of place. Writers who identify themselves as part of this ‘regional literary establishment’ [chihō bundan] have engaged in a sustained process of reflexively performing and defining their place-consciousness. Processes of localization are enacted in a wide variety of forms, particularly through the invocation of vernacular language, place-specific knowledge, and ideological discourse. This paper explores the conceptual writings of Fukushi Kōjirō (1889–1946) and the ‘dialect’ [hōgen] works of Takagi Kyōzō (1903–87), among others, bringing these influential and important – yet strongly marginalized – Japanese literary figures further into the purview of English-language scholarship. It analyzes Fukushi’s ‘regionalism’ [chihō shugi], its central concept of ‘spirit’ [seishin, tamashii], and the related invocation of place-based practices like ‘Tsugaru esprit’ and ‘godagu’ [bullshitting]. It then places Takagi’s strategic deployment of vernacular speech and localized folk knowledge within the context of that discourse in order to elucidate the active and intentional construction of Tsugaru within the local literary landscape. These writers move against the centralizing and homogenizing discourses of modernization theory, and provide a refreshing vantage for rethinking place and place-consciousness in modern Japan.

中文翻译：

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奇妙的地方：福士小次郎的地域主义与高木恭三的乡土诗

摘要 本文探讨了津轻地区文学界的多方面建设，以阐明一个奇妙的地方理论。自称为“区域文学机构”[chihō bundan] 一部分的作家一直在持续不断地反思性地表演和定义他们的地方意识。本地化过程以多种形式进行，特别是通过调用方言语言、特定地点的知识和意识形态话语。本文探讨了福士幸次郎 (1889-1946) 的概念性著作和高木京藏 (1903-87) 的“方言”[hōgen] 作品等，将这些有影响力且重要但被严重边缘化的日本文学人物进一步引入英语奖学金的范围。它分析了福士的“地域主义”[chihō shugi]、其“精神”的中心概念 [seishin、tamashii]，以及对诸如“津轻精神”和“godagu”[胡说八道] 等基于地方的实践的相关调用。然后将高木对白话语言和本地化民间知识的战略部署置于该话语的语境中，以阐明津轻在当地文学景观中的积极和有意构建。这些作家反对现代化理论的中心化和同质化话语，为重新思考现代日本的地方和地方意识提供了令人耳目一新的优势。然后将高木对白话语言和本地化民间知识的战略部署置于该话语的语境中，以阐明津轻在当地文学景观中的积极和有意构建。这些作家反对现代化理论的中心化和同质化话语，为重新思考现代日本的地方和地方意识提供了令人耳目一新的优势。然后将高木对白话语言和本地化民间知识的战略部署置于该话语的语境中，以阐明津轻在当地文学景观中的积极和有意构建。这些作家反对现代化理论的中心化和同质化话语，为重新思考现代日本的地方和地方意识提供了令人耳目一新的优势。