ABSTRACT In Darwinian Population and Natural Selection, Peter Godfrey-Smith brought the topic of natural selection back to the forefront of philosophy of biology, highlighting different issues surrounding this concept. One such issue is whether the perfect transmission of characters from parent(s) to offspring is necessary for evolution by natural selection (ENS). Drawing on the classical summaries for ENS, Godfrey-Smith's answer is that it is not, and opposes his view to the replicator framework. In this paper, I show that Godfrey-Smith's approach to ENS is only one of two legitimate perspective on ENS. One focuses on natural selection in the context of other evolutionary processes, while the other assumes their absence. After having presented these two perspectives, which I call the ‘contextual’ and the ‘pure’ perspective respectively, I draw on a framework which conceptualises the difference between natural selection, drift, and mutation in a causal rather than statistical fashion developed elsewhere. From there, I show that following the pure rather than the contextual perspective, perfect inheritance of characters is a necessary condition for ENS. This is because, I argue, imperfect inheritance is inevitably associated with an evolutionary process conceptually distinct from natural selection, namely mutation. I conclude by proposing that the classical summaries for ENS correspond more to the contextual perspective and the replicator framework more to the pure perspective.

中文翻译：

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从什么意义上说，如果没有完美的继承权，自然选择就会产生进化吗？

摘要在达尔文式的人口与自然选择中，彼得·戈弗雷-史密斯（Peter Godfrey-Smith）将自然选择的话题带回到了生物学哲学的前沿，突出了围绕这一概念的不同问题。一个这样的问题是，从自然选择（ENS）进化到从父代到后代的完美字符传递是否必要。利用ENS的经典摘要，Godfrey-Smith的回答是不是，并反对他对复制器框架的看法。在本文中，我证明了戈弗雷-史密斯对ENS的研究方法只是对ENS的两种合法观点之一。一个集中于其他进化过程的背景下的自然选择，另一个则假定它们不存在。在介绍了这两种观点之后，我分别称其为“上下文”和“纯粹”观点，我使用一个框架，该框架以因果关系而不是其他地方开发的统计方式概念化自然选择，漂移和变异之间的差异。从那里开始，我表明遵循纯粹的观点而不是上下文的观点，字符的完美继承是ENS的必要条件。我认为，这是因为不完美的遗传不可避免地与概念上不同于自然选择（即突变）的进化过程有关。最后，我提出ENS的经典摘要更符合上下文观点，而复制器框架更符合纯观点。我证明，遵循纯粹而非上下文的观点，字符的完美继承是ENS的必要条件。我认为，这是因为不完美的遗传不可避免地与概念上不同于自然选择（即突变）的进化过程有关。最后，我提出ENS的经典摘要更符合上下文观点，而复制器框架更符合纯观点。我证明，遵循纯粹而非上下文的观点，字符的完美继承是ENS的必要条件。我认为，这是因为不完美的遗传不可避免地与概念上不同于自然选择（即突变）的进化过程有关。最后，我提出ENS的经典摘要更符合上下文观点，而复制器框架更符合纯观点。