ABSTRACT Scholars have only recently started to take an interest in the return of highly qualified migrants to their country of origin, especially when it comes to Arab countries. This research, conducted between 2014 and 2016, provides evidence on the Lebanese case, a country where most social scientists have been trained abroad. This article uses a multi-level approach and compares careers paths of social scientists trained in Lebanon and abroad, working in Lebanese public and private universities. If a foreign diploma appears as a significant factor of career differentiation, the analysis undertaken in this article nuances this finding. It reveals to what extent the characteristics of the academic field in origin countries such as Lebanon shape the career paths of academics. Public and, to a lesser extent private universities have become ideological state apparels which are used by the ruling elites to ensure their reproduction, through the revaluation of social capital. However, this reproduction is not made without social actors and their involvement. Lebanese academics develop strategies to accumulate the relevant symbolic capital in order to be recruited or promoted. The activation of the relevant political and sectarian networks is, therefore, one of the key strategies which social scientists mobilise as a first or last resort to acquire university positions.

中文翻译：

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出国留学：在黎巴嫩取得成功的社会科学学术生涯的必要途径？

摘要 学者们最近才开始对高素质移民返回其原籍国产生兴趣，尤其是在涉及阿拉伯国家时。这项研究于 2014 年至 2016 年期间进行，为黎巴嫩案例提供了证据，该国大多数社会科学家都在国外接受过培训。本文采用多层次的方法，比较了在黎巴嫩和国外受过培训、在黎巴嫩公立和私立大学工作的社会科学家的职业道路。如果外国文凭似乎是职业分化的一个重要因素，那么本文中进行的分析会使这一发现有所不同。它揭示了黎巴嫩等原籍国的学术领域特征在多大程度上影响了学者的职业道路。公共和，在较小程度上，私立大学已成为意识形态的国家服装，被统治精英用来通过对社会资本的重估来确保其再生产。然而，如果没有社会行动者及其参与，就无法进行这种再生产。黎巴嫩学者制定策略来积累相关的象征资本，以便被招募或晋升。因此，激活相关的政治和宗派网络是社会科学家作为第一或最后手段获得大学职位的关键策略之一。黎巴嫩学者制定策略来积累相关的象征资本，以便被招募或晋升。因此，激活相关的政治和宗派网络是社会科学家作为第一或最后手段获得大学职位的关键策略之一。黎巴嫩学者制定策略来积累相关的象征资本，以便被招募或晋升。因此，激活相关的政治和宗派网络是社会科学家作为获得大学职位的首选或最后手段而动员起来的关键策略之一。