ABSTRACT We develop a secondary analysis of the data by the Italian National Statistical Institute (ISTAT) by means of two surveys on large samples of PhD graduates who obtained their doctoral degrees from Italian universities in 2004 and 2006 (the first survey) and in 2008 and 2010 (the second survey). We focused on doctorate holders in the political and social sciences. After a descriptive social make-up of the four cohorts, we carried out an analysis to verify the mid-term occupational outcomes of these graduates during a period of academic reforms and economic crisis in Italy. Our analysis underlines relevant differences between the two cohorts of PhD holders that graduated before the economic crisis and the two cohorts that graduated after. The latter have higher chances of obtaining fixed-term contracts and get low salaries; PhDs who graduated in 2008 and 2010 more frequently experience risk of self-employed or non-academic researchers at all. The economic crisis fragmented the terms of contracts, in particular, increasing fixed-term contracts and unemployment and furthermore, polarizing salaries (very high salary or very low salary). Further studies are necessary to understand whether this new condition is a constraint or an opportunity for PhDs in the political and social sciences.

中文翻译：

---

意大利政治和社会科学博士学位持有者：职业选择、工作增长和薪水

摘要 我们通过对 2004 年和 2006 年（第一次调查）以及 2008 年和 2008 年从意大利大学获得博士学位的博士毕业生的大样本两次调查，对意大利国家统计局 (ISTAT) 的数据进行了二次分析。 2010 年（第二次调查）。我们专注于政治和社会科学领域的博士学位持有者。在对四个队列进行描述性社会构成后，我们进行了分析，以验证这些毕业生在意大利学术改革和经济危机时期的中期职业成果。我们的分析强调了经济危机前毕业的两批博士生与经济危机后毕业的两批博士生之间的相关差异。后者获得固定期限合同的机会更高，工资较低；2008 年和 2010 年毕业的博士更频繁地经历自雇或非学术研究人员的风险。经济危机分散了合同条款，特别是增加了固定期限合同和失业率，此外，工资两极分化（非常高或非常低的工资）。需要进一步的研究来了解这种新情况是政治和社会科学博士的限制还是机会。