Deficit-based accounts of social and communication abilities continue to dominate autism research. However, emerging findings suggest that this view may be overly simplistic and discount the two-way nature of interaction. Here we discuss the reconceptualization of social cognition to consider such difficulties as examples of bidirectional, multifaceted misattunement between autistic and nonautistic individuals. Aligned with progressive theoretical frameworks, emerging empirical research indicates that mismatches in communication styles can contribute to autistic social difficulties and the important role that nonautistic difficulties play. We highlight two areas of future research with the aim of providing empirical support for the views that the autistic community has proposed over the past 2 decades. We discuss the impact of such a paradigm shift on a number of levels, including how bridging the gap between different interaction styles can reduce stigma and increase understanding. Adopting such a framework will provide radical opportunities for transformative societal changes and education around inclusion.

基于赤字的社交和沟通能力描述继续主导自闭症研究。然而，新出现的研究结果表明，这种观点可能过于简单化，低估了交互的双向性质。在这里，我们讨论了社会认知的重新概念化，以考虑自闭症和非自闭症个体之间双向、多方面失调的例子等困难。与渐进的理论框架一致，新兴的实证研究表明，沟通方式的不匹配会导致自闭症社交困难和非自闭症困难发挥的重要作用。我们强调了未来研究的两个领域，目的是为自闭症社区在过去 20 年中提出的观点提供实证支持。我们讨论了这种范式转变在多个层面上的影响，包括弥合不同交互风格之间的差距如何减少污名并增加理解。采用这样的框架将为变革性的社会变革和围绕包容性的教育提供根本的机会。