Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Increasing studies have demonstrated the critical importance for redox proteins mediating neuronal protection in models of AD. This review briefly describes some of the risk factors contributing to AD, specifically highlighting the important roles of oxidative stress in the pathology of AD. Then this article concisely introduces the dysregulation and functions of two main redox enzymes, peroxiredoxins and glutaredoxins, in AD models. This review emphasizes the neuroprotective role of the third redox enzyme thioredoxin (Trx), an important multifunctional protein regulating cellular redox status. This commentary not only summarizes the alterations of Trx expression in AD patients and models, but also reviews the potential effects and mechanisms of Trx, Trx-related molecules and Trx-inducing compounds against AD. In conclusion, Trx has a potential neuroprotection in AD and may be very promising for clinical therapy of AD in the future.

阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的神经退行性疾病。越来越多的研究表明氧化还原蛋白在 AD 模型中介导神经元保护至关重要。这篇综述简要描述了导致 AD 的一些危险因素，特别强调了氧化应激在 AD 病理学中的重要作用。然后本文简要介绍了AD模型中两种主要氧化还原酶——过氧化还蛋白和谷氧还蛋白的失调和功能。本综述强调了第三种氧化还原酶硫氧还蛋白 (Trx) 的神经保护作用，硫氧还蛋白是一种调节细胞氧化还原状态的重要多功能蛋白。该评论不仅总结了AD患者和模型中Trx表达的变化，还回顾了Trx、Trx相关分子和Trx诱导化合物对抗AD的潜在作用和机制。总之，Trx对AD具有潜在的神经保护作用，在未来的AD临床治疗中可能非常有前景。