The Langevin noise approach for quantization of macroscopic electromagnetics for three-dimensional, inhomogeneous environments is compared with normal-mode quantization. Recent works on the applicability of the method are discussed, and several examples are provided showing that for closed systems the Langevin noise approach reduces to the usual cavity mode expansion method when loss is eliminated.

中文翻译：

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Langevin噪声方法用于有损介质和无损极限

将朗格文噪声方法用于三维非均匀环境中的宏观电磁场量化与常规模式量化进行了比较。讨论了有关该方法适用性的最新工作，并提供了几个示例，这些示例表明，对于闭环系统，当消除损耗时，兰格文噪声方法可减小为通常的腔模扩展方法。