A hybrid optoelectronic bistability is realized with the assistance of an ultrahigh-order mode (UHM) excited in a symmetrical metal-cladding waveguide (SMCW). PMN-PT ceramics is selected as the guiding layer, which possesses the voltage modulated refractive index and thickness by means of an electro-optical effect and converse-piezoelectric effect. An amplified voltage signal translated from the intensity of reflected light is exerted on the guiding layer, whose parameter variations can alter the resonance condition of the UHM and finally lead to a dramatic change in the intensity of the reflected light. Since the full width at half-maximum of the UHM is extremely narrow, a hysteresis behavior with a milliwatt threshold between the incident light and the reflected light can be achieved when a positive feedback is established. Our bistability configuration is simple and not limited to TM polarization.

中文翻译：

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具有超低阈值的超高阶模式辅助混合光电双稳态

借助在对称金属包层波导（SMCW）中激发的超高阶模（UHM）可以实现混合光电双稳态。选择PMN-PT陶瓷作为引导层，其通过电光效应和反压电效应具有电压调制的折射率和厚度。从反射光强度转换而来的放大电压信号施加在引导层上，其参数变化会改变UHM的共振条件，最终导致反射光强度发生剧烈变化。由于UHM的半峰全宽非常窄，因此当建立正反馈时，可以实现在入射光和反射光之间具有毫瓦阈值的磁滞行为。