Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is leading chronic liver syndrome worldwide. Gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly contributes to the pathogenesis and severity of NAFLD. However, its role is complex and even unclear. Treatment of NAFLD through chemotherapeutic agents have been questioned because of their side effects on health. In this review, we highlighted and discussed the current understanding on the importance of gut microbiota, its dysbiosis and its effects on the gut-liver axis and gut mucosa. Further, we discussed key mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis to provide an outline of its role in progression to NAFLD and liver cirrhosis. In addition, we also explored the potential role of probiotics as a treatment approach for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Based on the latest findings, it is evident that microbiota targeted interventions mostly the use of probiotics have shown promising effects and can possibly alleviate the gut microbiota dysbiosis, regulate the metabolic pathways which in turn inhibit the progression of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis. However, very limited studies in humans are available on this issue and suggest further research work to identify a specific core microbiome association with NAFLD and to discover its mechanism of pathogenesis, which will help to enhance the therapeutic potential of probiotics to NAFLD.

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了解肠道菌群失调对非酒精性脂肪肝的影响以及益生菌可能的作用：最新更新

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是全球主要的慢性肝综合症。肠道菌群失调对 NAFLD 的发病机制和严重程度有显着影响。然而，它的作用很复杂，甚至不明确。通过化疗药物治疗 NAFLD 因其对健康的副作用而受到质疑。在这篇综述中，我们强调并讨论了目前对肠道微生物群重要性、肠道菌群失调及其对肠肝轴和肠粘膜影响的理解。此外，我们讨论了肠道菌群失调的关键机制，以概述其在 NAFLD 和肝硬化进展中的作用。此外，我们还探讨了益生菌作为预防和治疗 NAFLD 的潜在作用。根据最新研究结果，显然，以微生物群为目标的干预措施（主要是使用益生菌）已显示出良好的效果，并可能缓解肠道微生物群失调，调节代谢途径，进而通过肠-肝轴抑制 NAFLD 的进展。然而，关于这个问题的人类研究非常有限，建议进一步开展研究工作，以确定与 NAFLD 相关的特定核心微生物组并发现其发病机制，这将有助于增强益生菌对 NAFLD 的治疗潜力。