Abstract

Crises are broadly thought to damage the tourism industry by decreasing tourism revenues due to reduced inbound tourism. This study investigated the negative short-term effects of crises on the crisis management practices of tourism enterprises in Turkey following terrorist attacks between 2015 and 2016, political tensions with the Russian Federation after a military aircraft was shot down in 2015, and the attempted coup in 2016. 219 valid questionnaires were obtained from representatives and managers of hotels, travel companies, airlines, and other tourism enterprises at the 10th Tourism Fair and Congress, Travel Turkey. The findings reveal that the three distinct but interrelated crises all significantly affected tourism enterprises in the short-term. These effects did not differ regarding type of enterprise or years of operation. The stressful working environment and increased costs mostly affected maintenance, human resources, government assistance, promotion, and product and pricing strategies.

摘要

人们普遍认为，危机是由于入境旅游减少而导致旅游收入减少，从而损害了旅游业。这项研究调查了危机对土耳其旅游企业的危机管理做法的短期负面影响，这些事件发生在2015年至2016年的恐怖袭击，2015年一架军用飞机被击落后与俄罗斯联邦的政治紧张局势以及土耳其未遂的政变2016年，在第十届旅游博览会和土耳其旅游大会上，从酒店，旅游公司，航空公司和其他旅游企业的代表和经理那里获得了219份有效问卷。调查结果表明，这三个不同但相互关联的危机在短期内都严重影响了旅游企业。这些影响在企业类型或运营年限方面没有不同。