Abstract

This article argues that the Vatican’s involvement in the fledgling stages of the Save the Children Fund helped globalize what began as a local British charity, reshaping Christian humanitarianism as a response to total war. Centred on children as irreproachable war victims and the hope of the future, the ideology of Christian charity and the Vatican’s financial networks helped mobilize resources to combat famine across shattered imperial state structures in Central and Eastern Europe. With diplomatic credentials as a peace advocate, Pope Benedict XV (1914–22) symbolically led this new wave of religious humanitarianism. Attempting to stabilize war-torn societies, Christian humanitarianism towards children was an ideology that overcame wartime British anti-Germanism, raising fears about the spectre of Bolshevism after the Russian Revolution of 1917. In contrast to 19th-century religious mobilization that hardened confessional boundaries against the liberal secular state, however, this was a moment when the Catholic Church as a global religious organization intervened for all people, irrespective of faith commitments. Influencing later human rights developments, religiously informed humanitarianism became forgotten in the Vatican’s aggressive anti-communist diplomacy in the inter-war era. Ecumenical religious charity was important for the modern history of humanitarianism and non-governmental organizations.

中文翻译：

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革新基督教慈善：第一次世界大战期间的全球天主教，救助儿童基金会和人道主义主义*

摘要

本文认为，梵蒂冈参与了“拯救儿童基金会”（Save the Children Fund）的起步阶段，这有助于使最初由英国当地慈善机构开始的全球化，重塑了基督教人道主义，以应对全面战争。基督教徒的意识形态和梵蒂冈的金融网络以儿童作为无可指责的战争受害者和对未来的希望为中心，帮助调动资源与中欧和东欧破碎的帝国国家结构中的饥荒作斗争。教宗本尼迪克特十五世（1914–22）拥有和平倡导者的外交证书，象征着这一新的宗教人道主义主义浪潮。试图稳定饱受战争war的社会，基督教徒对儿童的人道主义成为克服战时英国反德国主义的意识形态，这引发了人们对1917年俄国革命后布尔什维克主义幽灵的恐惧。然而，与19世纪的宗教动员相比，这种宗教动员加深了对自由世俗国家的悔界限，这是天主教会作为一个全球性宗教组织向所有人进行干预的那一刻，而不论其信仰承诺如何。在后来的两次世界大战之间，梵蒂冈积极进取的反共外交中，对后来的人权发展产生了影响，在宗教上知情的人道主义被遗忘了。普世宗教慈善对人道主义和非政府组织的现代历史很重要。在后来的两次世界大战之间，梵蒂冈积极进取的反共外交中，对后来的人权发展产生了影响，在宗教上知情的人道主义被遗忘了。普世宗教慈善对人道主义和非政府组织的现代历史很重要。在后来的两次世界大战之间，梵蒂冈积极进取的反共外交中，对后来的人权发展产生了影响，在宗教上知情的人道主义被遗忘了。普世宗教慈善对人道主义和非政府组织的现代历史很重要。