Abstract

In 1518 the chief justice of King’s Bench initiated an attempt to track successful claims of benefit of clergy on the assize circuits to ensure that laymen could make such claims only once, as mandated by a statute dating from 1490. By doing so he was the first to attempt to create a criminal record in England, where an individual felon’s crimes were recorded with the expectation that an earlier crime would have implications for the punishment of a subsequent one. Both this attempt and a later statutory attempt in 1543 were largely unsuccessful, however. They failed, not because of principled opposition or even inertia, but because the well-established bureaucratic structures of the early Tudor period struggled to keep up with the bureaucratic imagination of those who sought to reform or extend the reach of government. The failed attempt to construct a criminal record demonstrates that as the development of print changed information cultures, and the policies of the Tudors led to an intensification of governance, legal records remained profoundly limited by the intellectual and administrative structures within which they operated. Masters of the gathering of information, Tudor governors struggled to adapt old documents to new purposes or to manage information dynamically.

中文翻译：

---

从书面记录到官僚主义：想象犯罪记录*

摘要

1518年，国王长椅的首席大法官发起了一项尝试，试图追踪巡回巡回赛上神职人员的成功主张，以确保外行人只能按照1490年的法规强制提出此类主张。试图在英格兰创建犯罪记录，在那里记录了一个重罪犯的罪行，以期较早的犯罪会对以后的犯罪产生影响。但是，这种尝试和后来在1543年的法定尝试都没有成功。他们之所以失败，不是因为有原则上的反对甚至是惯性，而是因为都铎王朝初期建立的官僚机构努力跟上那些试图改革或扩大政府影响范围的官僚机构的想象力。建立犯罪记录的失败尝试表明，随着印刷术的发展改变了信息文化，并且都铎王朝的政策导致了对治理的强化，法律记录仍然受到他们所经营的知识和行政结构的极大限制。都铎王朝（Tudor）州长是信息收集的大师，他们努力使旧文档适应新的目的或动态地管理信息。