Abstract

Surf breaks and surfing areas exemplify the human dimensions of coastal ecosystems—places connecting people and nature and from which history, culture, tradition, economic activity, and even political conflict emerge. We employed a signature policy instrument of American historic preservation, the National Register of Historic Places (National Register), as a context to both evaluate and ultimately recognize these connections through public policy at California’s famed Malibu surfing area. The Malibu Historic District is the first National Register listing centered on surfing history and the first continental United States surfing area protected for its cultural and historic significance. This model of surf break protection: (1) is explicitly site-specific, (2) aims to not just consider historic significance but secure specific legal protections and provisions because of it, (3) places surfing within the set of claims regarding historical, cultural, and economic significance, and (4) secures protections based directly on significance. The analysis of natural sites through frameworks such as the National Register, as a rationale for other surf breaks and a qualifying step for additional protections at Malibu, is well-suited to California’s particular coastal resource management environment.

摘要

冲浪休息和冲浪区体现了沿海生态系统的人文维度，即人与自然的连接处，历史，文化，传统，经济活动甚至政治冲突都源于此。我们采用了美国历史保护的标志性政策工具“国家历史名胜古迹”（National Register），以此来评估并最终通过加利福尼亚著名的马里布冲浪区的公共政策评估这些联系。马里布历史区是第一个以冲浪历史为中心的国家名录，也是第一个因其文化和历史意义受到保护的美国大陆冲浪区。这种冲浪休息保护模型：（1）明确针对特定地点，（2）不仅要考虑历史意义，而且要因此而获得特定的法律保护和规定；（3）在有关历史，文化和经济意义的权利要求范围内进行冲浪；（4）直接基于重要性来确保保护。通过国家登记簿等框架对自然遗址进行分析，以此作为其他冲浪休息的理由，以及在马里布进行附加保护的合格步骤，非常适合加利福尼亚州特定的沿海资源管理环境。