ABSTRACT

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the potential association between oral and intestinal microbiotas of pregnant women with periodontitis and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the second trimester.Methods: Four groups were defined: periodontitis (n = 28), GDM (n = 7), periodontitis + GDM (n = 7), and periodontitis- and GDM-free controls (n = 27). The oral and intestinal microbiomes were analyzed using the 16S rRNA sequencing technique.Results: Periodontitis alone significantly decreased the oral microbial diversity (by Shannon index, p = 0.003) and changed the structure of the oral microbial community (by AMOVA, p 0.001). GDM alone significantly increased the oral microbial diversity (by Shannon index, p = 0.049), and when combined with periodontitis, GDM significantly decreased the intestinal microbial richness (by observed species, p = 0.018) and influenced the structure of intestinal microbial community (by AMOVA, p = 0.043). The differentially abundant microbial taxa among different groups in both oral and intestinal samples were identified by LEfSe analysis, and limited taxa showed consistent trends. The numbers and ratios of oral-intestinal shared operational taxonomical units were the least in the periodontitis + GDM group.Conclusions: A close relationship between the oral microbiota and pregnant periodontitis was shown. Significant changes occur in both the oral and intestinal microbiomes when periodontitis was coupled with GDM. A separate influence of periodontitis and GDM on the oral and intestinal microbiotas may be indicated.

摘要

背景：本研究旨在调查妊娠中期牙周炎和/或妊娠期糖尿病 (GDM) 孕妇口腔和肠道微生物群之间的潜在关联。方法：定义了四组：牙周炎（n = 28）、GDM（n = 7）、牙周炎 + GDM（n = 7）和无牙周炎和无 GDM 对照组（n = 27）。使用 16S rRNA 测序技术分析口腔和肠道微生物组。结果：牙周炎单独显着降低口腔微生物多样性（香农指数，p = 0.003）并改变口腔微生物群落的结构（AMOVA，p 0.001）。GDM单独显着增加口腔微生物多样性（香农指数，p = 0.049），当与牙周炎结合时，GDM显着降低肠道微生物丰富度（观察物种，p = 0.018）并影响肠道微生物群落结构（通过AMOVA，p = 0.043）。通过LEfSe分析确定了口腔和肠道样品中不同组间差异丰富的微生物分类群，有限的分类群显示出一致的趋势。牙周炎+GDM组口腔-肠道共享操作分类单位的数量和比例最少。结论：表明口腔微生物群与妊娠牙周炎之间存在密切关系。当牙周炎与 GDM 相结合时，口腔和肠道微生物组都会发生显着变化。可能表明牙周炎和 GDM 对口腔和肠道微生物群的影响不同。