Abstract

Aim: Most tobacco smokers have attempted to quit smoking, but they find it challenging to succeed in these attempts. Still, some people do manage to stop. The present study was set to explore the nature of a successful quit attempt and what differentiates it from failed attempts.

Methods: We used a constructivist grounded theory methodology. The constructed theory was developed from the accounts of participants’ first-hand experiences of becoming a nonsmoker.

Results: The theory developed in this paper uncouples the process of giving up smoking from the one of becoming a nonsmoker and it focuses on the latter. The theory also introduces the concept of ‘nonsmoking’ as a contextually framed and relational practice. The theory proposes that it is the practice and naturalization of nonsmoking, and not giving up smoking per se, that leads smokers to become nonsmokers. The naturalization of ‘nonsmoking’ is facilitated by interacting with what is here called a nonsmoking milieu, a context where nonsmoking is a normal social practice. This interaction enables processes different from giving up smoking, which in turn advance the naturalization of nonsmoking.

Conclusion: The theory explains the process of becoming a nonsmoker as a relational and contextually sensitive one. It moves beyond an individual-focused understanding of the process, and underscores the benefits of reexamining assumptions embedded in how smoking cessation is commonly approached.

摘要

目标：大多数吸烟者都曾尝试戒烟，但他们发现这些尝试很难成功。尽管如此，有些人还是设法停下来。本研究旨在探索成功戒烟尝试的性质以及它与失败尝试的区别。

方法：我们使用了建构主义扎根理论方法。构建的理论是根据参与者成为不吸烟者的第一手经验发展而来的。

结果：本文提出的理论将戒烟的过程与成为不吸烟者的过程分离开来，并侧重于后者。该理论还引入了“不吸烟”的概念，作为一种上下文框架和相关的实践。该理论提出，是不吸烟的实践和自然化，而不是本身不戒烟，导致吸烟者成为不吸烟者。“不吸烟”的自然化是通过与这里所谓的不吸烟环境互动来促进的，在这种环境中，不吸烟是一种正常的社会实践。这种相互作用使不同于戒烟的过程成为可能，这反过来又促进了不吸烟的归化。

结论：该理论将成为不吸烟者的过程解释为关系和情境敏感的人。它超越了对这个过程的以个人为中心的理解，并强调了重新检查嵌入在戒烟方法中的假设的好处。