CSN improves seed vigor of aged sunflower seeds by regulating the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid metabolism,Journal of Advanced Research

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CSN improves seed vigor of aged sunflower seeds by regulating the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid metabolism
Journal of Advanced Research ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.019
Yutao Huang ₁ , Shuyu Cai ₂ , Xiaoli Ruan ₃ , Jun Xu ₄ , Dongdong Cao ₁

Affiliation

Introduction

Sunflower seeds possess higher oil content than do cereal crop seeds. Storage of sunflower seeds is accompanied by loss of seed vigor and oxidation of storage and membrane lipids.

Objectives

This study first reported that compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN), a new plant growth modulator, improved the germination and seedling emergence of aged sunflower seeds. The present study provide a future reference as to the potential applications of CSN and the regulation mechanism of exogenous substances in increasing aged crop seed vigor.

Methods

Phenotypic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CSN on germination and seedling emergence from naturally- and artificially-aged sunflower seeds. The biochemical and enzyme activity analysis were conducted to test the CSN-induced effect on glycometabolism, fatty acid and abscisic acid metabolism. Meanwhile, gene expression analysis was carried out to detect the changes in the transcription level of sunflower seeds during early germination period after CSN treatment.

Results

CSN application significantly increased the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of sunflower seeds under natural and artificial aging. Biochemical analysis indicated that, CSN treatment significantly enhanced the sucrose and fructose contents in aged sunflower seeds during early germination period. Moreover, the contents of several different fatty acids in CSN-treated sunflower seeds also significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that CSN treatment remarkably up-regulated the activities of several critical enzymes related to triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Consequently, the transcription levels of the above key enzymes-related synthetic genes were also significantly up-regulated in CSN treatment. Furthermore, CSN treatment significantly decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content through the regulation of the gene expressions and activities of metabolism related-enzymes.

Conclusion

Taken together, the contribution of CSN to the improvement of aged sunflower seed germination and seedling emergence might be closely related to the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and ABA metabolism.

中文翻译：

CSN 通过调节脂肪酸、糖代谢和脱落酸代谢来提高老化葵花籽的种子活力

介绍

向日葵种子的含油量高于谷类作物种子。葵花籽的储存伴随着种子活力的丧失以及储存和膜脂的氧化。

目标

该研究首次报道了新型植物生长调节剂复硝酚钠（CSN）可改善老化向日葵种子的发芽和出苗率。本研究为CSN的潜在应用和外源物质在提高老化作物种子活力中的调控机制提供了参考。

方法

通过表型分析研究 CSN 对自然和人工老化向日葵种子发芽和出苗的影响。通过生化和酶活性分析来测试 CSN 诱导的糖代谢、脂肪酸和脱落酸代谢的影响。同时进行基因表达分析，检测CSN处理后发芽初期向日葵种子转录水平的变化。

结果

CSN的施用显着提高了葵花籽在自然老化和人工老化下的发芽率和出苗率。生化分析表明，CSN处理显着提高了发芽早期老化葵花籽中蔗糖和果糖的含量。此外，经CSN处理的葵花籽中几种不同脂肪酸的含量也显着增加。酶活性分析表明，CSN 处理显着上调了与三酰甘油水解相关的几种关键酶的活性。因此，上述关键酶相关合成基因的转录水平在CSN处理中也显着上调。此外，CSN处理通过调节代谢相关酶的基因表达和活性显着降低脱落酸（ABA）含量。