There is growing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from maritime transportation. One of the most effective strategies for reducing GHG emissions is to switch from conventional fuels such as heavy fuel oil to alternative fuels. Green hydrogen is a promising alternative for the shipping industry. Nonetheless, its potential usage will depend on more than its environmental friendliness. Economic, technical, and safety factors must be assessed. This paper provides a critical assessment of the potential usage of green hydrogen in the shipping industry with an evaluation of production routes, techno-economic performance, storage, and safety. Benchmarking is also carried out compared to existing ‘grey’ and ‘blue’ production routes specific to shipping industry applications. Important metrics for liquid hydrogen are analyzed to evaluate production cost and GHG emissions for various routes. Furthermore, a comparison is made for the safety and health issues of hydrogen compared to conventional and emerging maritime shipping fuels.

减少海上运输温室气体排放的压力越来越大。减少温室气体排放的最有效策略之一是从传统燃料（例如重质燃料油）转向替代燃料。绿氢是航运业有希望的替代品。但是，其潜在用途将不仅取决于环境友好性。必须评估经济，技术和安全因素。本文通过评估生产路线，技术经济绩效，存储和安全性，对航运业中绿色氢的潜在用途进行了重要评估。与针对航运业应用的现有“灰色”和“蓝色”生产路线相比，还可以进行基准测试。分析了液态氢的重要指标，以评估各种路线的生产成本和温室气体排放量。此外，与传统的和新兴的海上运输燃料相比，氢的安全和健康问题进行了比较。